journal article·2021-02-01Open access

Denoising electron holograms using the wavelet hidden Markov model for phase retrieval—Applications to the phase-shifting method

Takehiro Tamaoka, Yoshihiro Midoh, Kazuo Yamamoto, Shodai Aritomi, Toshiaki Tanigaki, Masao Nakamura, Koji Nakamae, Masashi Kawasaki, Yasukazu Murakami

AIP Advances· Volume 11· Issue 2

Abstract

Noise reduction using the wavelet hidden Markov model (WHMM) was applied to electron holograms of a LaFeO3/SrTiO3 specimen, which was subjected to phase retrieval by the phase-shifting method. A systematic study revealed the optimal conditions regarding the electron dose and number of holograms used for phase retrieval, for which the effect of denoising was most pronounced. The denoised holograms revealed the magnitude of the phase shift at the LaFeO3/SrTiO3 interface, while the original, noisy holograms did not allow for accurate measurements. The observations demonstrate the usefulness of denoising using the WHMM.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements · Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques · Non-Destructive Testing Techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University 1 , 744 Motooka, Nihsi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University 2 , 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan

Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center 3 , 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan

Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University 4 , 744 Motooka, Nihsi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

Research and Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd. 5 , 2520 Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan

RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 6 , 2-1 Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo 7 , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan

Funding

Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology · KAKENHI

References (18)

Show source-provided references
1. 1999
2. 1999
3. Rep. Prog. Phys. · 2008 · 71 · 01610210.1088/0034-4885/71/1/016102 ↗
4. J. Opt. Soc. Am. · 1973 · 63 · 39910.1364/josa.63.000399 ↗
5. Ultramicroscopy · 1996 · 64 · 5710.1016/0304-3991(96)00019-8 ↗
6. Appl. Phys. Lett. · 2007 · 91 · 14350110.1063/1.2794006 ↗
7. Microsc. Microanal. · 2020 · 26 · 42910.1017/s1431927620001452 ↗
8. Ultramicroscopy · 2019 · 206 · 11281810.1016/j.ultramic.2019.112818 ↗
9. Nature · 1996 · 381 · 60710.1038/381607a0 ↗
10. Microscopy · 2020 · 69 · 12310.1093/jmicro/dfz115 ↗
11. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. · 1998 · 46 · 88610.1109/78.668544 ↗
12. Ultramicroscopy · 1994 · 55 · 20910.1016/0304-3991(94)90171-6 ↗
13. Surf. Interface Anal. · 2003 · 35 · 6010.1002/sia.1494 ↗
14. Phys. Rev. Lett. · 2016 · 116 · 15680110.1103/PhysRevLett.116.156801 ↗
15. Adv. Mater. · 2017 · 29 · 160444710.1002/adma.201604447 ↗
16. Appl. Comput. Harmonic Anal. · 2001 · 10 · 23410.1006/acha.2000.0343 ↗
17. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. · 2005 · 53 · 23110.1109/tsp.2004.838959 ↗
18. Pattern Recognit. Lett. · 2008 · 29 · 11910.1016/j.patrec.2007.09.005 ↗