Characteristics of dust acoustic solitary waves through the implementation of kappa-distributed non-thermal electrons and Boltzmann ions

This study examines Dust Acoustic Solitary Waves (DASWs) within dusty plasmas, investigating the influence of kappa-distributed non-thermal electrons and Boltzmann ions on wave behavior. DASWs, originating from interactions among dust particles, electrons, and ions, exhibit compressive and rarefactive tendencies. Previous research has investigated the effects of nonthermal ions, electron temperatures, and charge variations on plasma conditions. Using kappa distribution, this study employs comprehensive numerical analysis to unravel the formation of rarefactive DASWs in the presence of non-thermal electrons and Boltzmann ions. Model equations are solved to unveil the Sagdeev potential, a crucial factor in understanding the effects of non-thermal kappa distribution. Numerical results show the dependence of the critical Mach number on various parameters, such as dust temperature, electron number density, and dust speed, providing insights into conditions favoring rarefactive solitary structures. We have found that kappa distribution significantly affects the Mach number only in the range of 2–5; after this value, the effects of kappa distribution are almost negligible. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate behavior of DASWs and advances knowledge in the broader context of dusty plasmas within diverse space environments.