journal article·2022-05-01Open access

Coupled surface and bulk diffusion in crystals

S. S. Kosolobov

AIP Advances· Volume 12· Issue 5

Abstract

We analyze point defect bulk and surface diffusion near the crystal–vacuum interface and show that bulk diffusion is coupled with surface diffusion via the atomic processes in the intermediate subsurface layer. A set of self-contained differential equations describing the interaction of self-interstitials and bulk vacancies with the surface of crystal is proposed. The results show the existence of the fundamental relation between the equilibrium concentrations of the point defects in bulk and at the surface of the crystal. For the case of silicon, the energy barrier differences that restrict the point defect fluxes between the bulk and surface of the crystal are estimated.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Microstructure and mechanical properties · Solidification and crystal growth phenomena · Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Engineering Physics , Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow 121205, Russia

Funding

Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation

References (33)

Show source-provided references
1. The electronic structure of impurities and other point defects in semiconductors10.1103/revmodphys.50.797 ↗
2. 2015
3. Single dopants in semiconductors10.1038/nmat2940 ↗
4. Point defect engineering in thin-film solar cells10.1038/s41578-018-0026-7 ↗
5. Direct-bandgap properties and evidence for ultraviolet lasing of hexagonal boron nitride single crystal10.1038/nmat1134 ↗
6. Cathodoluminescence of catalyst crystallites10.1038/313666a0 ↗
7. Heterogeneous catalysis through subsurface sites10.1021/ja983975g ↗
8. Solute-point defect interactions, coupled diffusion, and radiation-induced segregation in fcc nickel10.1103/physrevmaterials.5.013602 ↗
9. Radiation damage in nanostructured materials10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.03.002 ↗
10. Imaging impurities in semiconductor nanostructures10.1021/cm400004x ↗
11. Role of subsurface diffusion and Ostwald ripening in catalyst formation for single-walled carbon nanotube forest growth10.1021/ja208706c ↗
12. Defect-interface interactions10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.02.001 ↗
13. Surface and bulk point defect generation in Czochralski and float zone type silicon wafers10.1063/1.115592 ↗
14. 2004 · 77
15. Subsurface diffusion in crystals and effect of surface permeability on the atomic step motion10.1038/s41598-019-49681-1 ↗
16. Point defects and dopant diffusion in silicon10.1103/revmodphys.61.289 ↗
17. Nonequilibrium point defects and diffusion in silicon10.1016/0927-796x(94)90009-4 ↗
18. Kinetics of divacancy annealing and divacancy-oxygen formation in oxygen-enriched high-purity silicon10.1103/physrevb.72.195207 ↗
19. The vacancy in silicon: Identical diffusion properties at cryogenic and elevated temperatures10.1063/1.2937198 ↗
20. Radiation enhanced silicon self-diffusion and the silicon vacancy at high temperatures10.1103/physrevlett.91.245502 ↗
21. Simulation of vacancy agglomeration based on ab initio calculations and comparison with experimental results10.7567/jjap.53.05fj06 ↗
22. Kinetic length and step permeability on the Si(111)(1 × 1) surface10.1016/j.susc.2007.05.039 ↗
23. Self-consistent rate theory of submonolayer homoepitaxy with attachment/detachment kinetics10.1103/physrevb.55.r1973 ↗
24. Control of defect concentrations within a semiconductor through adsorption10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.055503 ↗
25. Contributions of vacancies and self-interstitials to self-diffusion in silicon under thermal equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions10.1103/physrevb.88.085206 ↗
26. Self-diffusion in crystalline silicon: A single diffusion activation enthalpy down to 755 °C10.1103/physrevb.94.125208 ↗
27. Step line tension and step morphological evolution on the Si(111)(1 × 1) surface10.1103/physrevb.77.115424 ↗
28. Attachment-detachment limited kinetics on ultraflat Si(111) surface under etching with molecular oxygen at elevated temperatures10.1016/j.susc.2014.12.004 ↗
29. Advacancy-mediated atomic steps kinetics and two-dimensional negative island nucleation on ultraflat Si(111) surface10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.05.048 ↗
30. Real-time observation of self-interstitial reactions on an atomically smooth silicon surface10.1016/j.susc.2019.04.008 ↗
31. Diffusion of Ge below the Si(100) surface: Theory and experiment10.1103/physrevlett.84.2441 ↗
32. First principles analysis on interaction between vacancy near surface and dimer structure of silicon crystal10.1063/1.3676265 ↗
33. Effect of surface steps on chemical ordering in the subsurface of Cu(Au) solid solutions10.1103/physrevb.103.035401 ↗