Fabrication of multi-layer graphene by repeated transfer

Multi-layer graphene was formed by repeated transfer onto a silicon oxide substrate, and changes in its doping characteristics were observed. The structure of multi-layer graphene was investigated in comparison with pyrolytic graphite with a turbostratic structure. Single-layer graphene is doped due to the influence of the silicon oxide substrate, and the influence of poly(methyl methacrylate) and water residue, which are used for the transfer, is small. Graphene in the first layer suppresses the influence of the silicon oxide substrate, and the second and subsequent layers are almost unaffected. By repeating the transfer and stacking, multi-layer graphene approaches ideal turbostratic graphite.