Physically consistent testing of large-frequency-band magnetic losses of non-oriented electric steel considering dynamic anisotropy

Non-oriented (NO) magnetic steels show gradually increasing relevance over an extended range of frequencies, in particular for electric drives. However, until now, data for corresponding characteristics like losses P are available in very restricted ways. A reason is that loss testers are standardized for technical low frequency (LF) until now. Here we report detailed loss data for three steel types, tested by broad-band single sheet testers that offer tests up to high frequency (HF), for values of f = 10 kHz, for steel samples of 500 × 170 mm2 (or 500 mm). In solving a specific problem of NO steel, very high values of H of magnetic field strength are considered by “True Field Air Flux Compensation.” For rising f, the three steels show strong, non-linear increases in losses P, up to about 100 W/kg. With respect to anisotropy, corresponding factors were defined for rolling direction and transverse direction (TD). The effective “field anisotropy” AH tends to show high values for LF but sinks dramatically for HF due to strong eddy currents. The analogously defined “loss anisotropy” AP is lower a priori. In addition, decreases in HF are less pronounced. The International Electrotechnical Commission-standardized “loss anisotropy factor” is generally lower by more than a factor of two, with values up to 30% for LF that may sink to zero for HF due to eddy current mechanisms that are rather independent from crystalline texture. In conclusion, for high dynamics, the effective anisotropy deviates completely from LF-based texture characteristics. Additional analyses of power functions prove that during a period of magnetization, strong anisotropy exists with respect to alignments of atomic moments, in particular for the TD.