On the carrier of inertia
Source abstract
Abstract
A change in momentum will inevitably perturb the all-embracing vacuum, whose reaction we understand as inertia. Since the vacuum’s physical properties relate to light, we propose that the vacuum embodies photons, but in pairs without net electromagnetic fields. In this physical form the free space houses energy in balance with the energy of matter in the whole Universe. Likewise, we reason that a local gravitational potential is the vacuum in a local balance with energy that is bound to a body. Since a body couples to the same vacuum universally and locally, we understand that inertial and gravitational masses are identical. By the same token, we infer that gravity and electromagnetism share the similar functional form because both are carried by the vacuum photons as paired and unpaired.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Cosmology and Gravitation Theories · Relativity and Gravitational Theory · Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
COMSOL 1 , FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki 2 , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä 3 , FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
References (96)
Show source-provided references
1. 1883
2. Existence of the gravitomagnetic inter-action10.1007/bf00671317 ↗
3. Mach’s principle and space-time structure10.1088/0034-4885/44/11/001 ↗
4. On the origin of inertia10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 ↗
5. 25 . 1693
6. A gravitational and electromagnetic analogy, Part I
7. 1995
8. 2015
9. 2007
10. In the light of time10.1098/rspa.2008.0494 ↗
11. History of the 2.7 K temperature prior to Penzias and Wilson
12. Cosmic background radiation mini-review
13. Phys. Lett. B · 2004 · 592 · 110.1016/j.physletb.2004.06.001 ↗
14. Multipole vector anomalies in the first-year WMAP data: A cut-sky analysis10.1086/497263 ↗
15. On the large-angle anomalies of the microwave sky10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09980.x ↗
16. CMB multipole measurements in the presence of foregrounds10.1103/physrevd.74.023005 ↗
17. Natural patterns of energy dispersal10.1016/j.plrev.2010.10.001 ↗
18. Evolution of the universe by the principle of least action10.4006/0836-1398-30.3.248 ↗
19. The present moment in quantum cosmology: Challenges to the arguments for the elimination of time
20. On the relative motion of the earth and the luminiferous ether10.2475/ajs.s3-34.203.333 ↗
21. Rotating optical cavity experiment testing Lorentz invariance at the 10−17 level10.1103/physrevd.80.105011 ↗
22. The new wave of pilot-wave theory10.1063/PT.3.2882 ↗
23. The cosmological constant10.12942/lrr-2001-1 ↗
24. Inertia as a zero-point-field Lorentz force10.1103/physreva.49.678 ↗
25. The cosmological constant and dark energy10.1103/revmodphys.75.559 ↗
26. Smith · 1983
27. 2005 · 120
28. 2004
29. All in action10.3390/e12112333 ↗
30. Natural thermodynamics10.1016/j.physa.2015.10.105 ↗
31. Rotation of galaxies within gravity of the Universe10.3390/e18050191 ↗
32. On the exhaust of EM-drive10.1063/1.4953807 ↗
33. 1968 · 226
34. Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference10.1103/physrevlett.59.2044 ↗
35. Non-local and nonclassical effects in two-photon down-conversion10.1088/0954-8998/2/1/006 ↗
36. Observation of the dynamical Casimir effect in a superconducting circuit10.1038/nature10561 ↗
37. 1995
38. Is the universe a vacuum fluctuation?10.1038/246396a0 ↗
39. The value of the cosmological constant10.1007/s10714-011-1199-1 ↗
40. The quantum vacuum at the foundations of classical electrodynamics10.1007/s00340-010-4069-8 ↗
41. The quantum vacuum as the origin of the speed of light
42. 1979
43. The conservation of photons10.1038/118874a0 ↗
44. Invariante variationsprobleme
45. Natural emergence10.1002/cplx.21388 ↗
46. Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 ↗
47. 2003
48. Notes on black-hole evaporation10.1103/physrevd.14.870 ↗
49. Über den einfluss der eigen-rotation der zentralkorper auf die bewegung der planeten und monde nach der Einsteinschen gravitationstheorie
50. Co-orbiting satellite galaxy structures are still in conflict with the distribution of primordial dwarf galaxies10.1093/mnras/stu1005 ↗
51. Discovery of a pulsar in a binary system10.1086/181708 ↗
52. The meaning of mass10.5923/j.ijtmp.20120204.03 ↗
53. 1976
54. Hazewinkel · 2001
55. Atomism revisited10.4006/0836-1398-29.4.532 ↗
56. The foundation of the general theory of relativity10.1002/andp.19163540702 ↗
57. Least-time paths of light10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19242.x ↗
58. Least-action perihelion precession10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19364.x ↗
59. Earth flyby anomalies10.1063/1.3248495 ↗
60. Flyby anomaly via least action
61. Inertia from an asymmetric Casimir effect10.1209/0295-5075/101/59001 ↗
62. Modelling the flyby anomalies using a modification of inertia10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00523.x ↗
63. Die rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen nebeln
64. On the masses of nebulae and of clusters of nebulae10.1086/143864 ↗
65. One law to rule them all: The radial acceleration relation of galaxies10.3847/1538-4357/836/2/152 ↗
66. The need for speed: Escape velocity and dynamical mass measurements of the Andromeda galaxy10.1093/mnras/sty082 ↗
67. A detection of wobbling brightest cluster galaxies within massive galaxy clusters10.1093/mnras/stx2084 ↗
68. Galaxy rotations from quantised inertia and visible matter only10.1007/s10509-017-3128-6 ↗
69. Dynamical Casimir effect in a Josephson metamaterial10.1073/pnas.1212705110 ↗
70. A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field10.1098/rstl.1865.0008 ↗
71. The influence of retardation on the London-van der Waals forces10.1103/physrev.73.360 ↗
72. Modelling the pioneer anomaly as modified inertia10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11433.x ↗
73. Fine structure of the hydrogen atom by a microwave method10.1103/physrev.72.241 ↗
74. 1957
75. Laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen10.1002/andp.201300058 ↗
76. The proton radius puzzle10.1016/j.ppnp.2015.01.002 ↗
77. Laser spectroscopy of muonic deuterium10.1126/science.aaf2468 ↗
78. The proton radius anomaly from the sheltering of Unruh radiation
79. La mécanique ondulatoire et la structure atomique de la matière et du rayonnement10.1051/jphysrad:0192700805022500 ↗
80. Observing the average trajectories of single photons in a two-slit interferometer10.1126/science.1202218 ↗
81. Paradox in wave-particle duality10.1007/s10701-006-9102-8 ↗
82. Significance of electromagnetic potentials in the quantum theory10.1103/physrev.115.485 ↗
83. Ein neuer effekt bei eintritt der supraleitfähigkeit10.1007/bf01504252 ↗
84. Measurement of gravitomagnetic and acceleration fields around rotating superconductors10.1063/1.2437552 ↗
85. Anomalous fiber optic gyroscope signals observed above spinning rings at low temperature10.1088/1742-6596/150/3/032101 ↗
86. The Tajmar effect from quantised inertia10.1209/0295-5075/95/39002 ↗
87. On the identity of the vibrations of light with electrical currents10.1080/14786446708639882 ↗
88. 1984
89. Probing Mach’s principle10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21022.x ↗
90. On the transfer of energy in the electromagnetic field10.1098/rstl.1884.0016 ↗
91. Les loix du mouvement et du repos déduites d’un principe metaphysique
92. Natural selection for least action10.1098/rspa.2008.0178 ↗
93. 1903
94. Plancks gesetz und lichtquantenhypothese10.1007/bf01327326 ↗
95. 1992 · 14
96. Unity of all elementary-particle forces