Energy harvesting in a quad-stable harvester subjected to random excitation

In response to the defects of bi-stable energy harvester (BEH), we develop a novel quad-stable energy harvester (QEH) to improve harvesting efficiency. The device is made up of a bimorph cantilever beam having a tip magnet and three external fixed magnets. By adjusting the positions of the fixed magnets and the distances between the tip magnet and the fixed ones, the quad-stable equilibrium positions can emerge. The potential energy shows that the barriers of the QEH are lower than those of the BEH for the same separation distance. Experiment results reveal that the QEH can realize snap-through easier and make a dense snap-through in response under random excitation. Moreover, its strain and voltage both become large for snap-through between the nonadjacent stable positions. There exists an optimal separation distance for different excitation intensities.