0.279 nW fourth-order filter circuit for biological signal conditioning
Source abstract
Abstract
In this article, a fourth-order low-pass filter (LPF) is designed and analyzed for wearable biological healthcare applications. The proposed LPF is based on level shifter, class-AB folded flipped source follower, and pseudo-resistive voltage-variative approaches, which increases its power efficiency. The proposed LPF consumes 0.279 nW of power with a figure of merit of 2.13 × 10−15 J in CMOS 180 nm process. Furthermore, the post-layout simulations executed for the proposed LPF show a gain of −0.126 dB, a bandwidth of 100 Hz, total harmonic distortion (THD) of −48.53 dB, and a dynamic range (DR) of 50.19 dB. In addition to this, the Monte Carlo simulations with 200 samples demonstrate the corresponding mean and standard deviation values for gain (−0.282 and 0.517 dB), DR (50.18 and 0.025 dB), and THD (−46.175 and 3.258 dB). The proposed fourth-order LPF is a perfect match for wearable biological healthcare systems that are portable and safe.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering · Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design · Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
VLSI Centre of Excellence Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University , Punjab 140401, India
References (44)
Show source-provided references
1. Design of two stage OTA based sixth order butter-worth low pass filter using CMOS 180 nm technology10.1088/1757-899x/1272/1/012008 ↗
2. Recent trends and future prospects of neural recording circuits and systems: A tutorial brief10.1109/tcsii.2022.3171689 ↗
3. All-day wearable health monitoring system10.1002/eom2.12198 ↗
4. Survey on various architectures of preamplifiers for electroencephalogram (EEG) signal acquisition10.1007/s00542-022-05253-4 ↗
5. Design considerations for effective neural signal sensing and amplification: A review10.1088/2057-1976/ab1674 ↗
6. A systemic review of available low-cost EEG headsets used for drowsiness detection10.3389/fninf.2020.553352 ↗
7. A portable, self-contained neuroprosthetic hand with deep learning-based finger control10.1088/1741-2552/ac2a8d ↗
8. Applications of brain-computer interfaces to the control of robotic and prosthetic arms10.1016/B978-0-444-63934-9.00008-1 ↗
9. Design and modeling of a multiband electrically coupled loop antenna for biomedical applications10.1007/s00542-022-05307-7 ↗
10. Continuous low-frequency EEG decoding of arm movement for closed-loop, natural control of a robotic arm10.1088/1741-2552/aba6f7 ↗
11. Towards unlocking motor control in spinal cord injured by applying an online EEG-based framework to decode motor intention, trajectory and error processing10.1038/s41598-024-55413-x ↗
12. Ultra low-voltage, low-power fourth-order butterworth LPF for ECG signal processing
13. Nanotechnology: A new approach for ocular drug delivery system
14. Applications of phyto-nanotechnology for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders10.3390/ma15030804 ↗
15. Ultra-low-power 4th-order cascoded flipped source follower filter for portable biological healthcare systems10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154743 ↗
16. 0.342 nW Class-AB enhanced flipped source follower low pass filter for biomedical applications10.1063/5.0108207 ↗
17. A 0.5-V 3.69-nW complementary source-follower-C based low-pass filter for wearable biomedical applications10.1109/tcsi.2020.2995351 ↗
18. Sub-μW Tow-Thomas based biquad filter with improved gain for biomedical applications10.1016/j.mejo.2019.104675 ↗
19. A power-efficient source-follower based tunable pseudo-RC low-pass filter for wearable biomedical applications
20. Ultra-low power signal conditioning system for effective biopotential signal recording10.1088/1361-6439/ac3465 ↗
21. 0.3-V nanopower biopotential low-pass filter10.1109/access.2020.3005715 ↗
22. A 0.3-V, 2.4-nW, and 100-Hz fourth-order LPF for ECG signal processing10.1002/cta.2839 ↗
23. A 0.9-nW, 101-Hz, and 46.3-μVrms IRN low-pass filter for ECG acquisition using FVF biquads10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2863706 ↗
24. Low-voltage low-noise gate driven quasi-floating bulk self-cascode current mirror operational transconductance amplifier10.1063/5.0038939 ↗
25. Voltage follower, Part II (circuit intuitions)10.1109/mssc.2022.3218083 ↗
26. Voltage follower, Part 1 (circuit intuitions)10.1109/mssc.2022.3182791 ↗
27. Voltage follower, Part III (circuit intuitions)10.1109/mssc.2023.3269457 ↗
28. A very low output resistance and wide-swing class-AB level-shifted folded flipped voltage follower cell10.1016/j.vlsi.2021.05.001 ↗
29. Class AB flipped voltage follower with very low output resistance and no additional power10.1587/elex.15.20171170 ↗
30. The flipped voltage follower: Theory and applications
31. A 0.3 V, 4th order low-pass OTA-C filter using bulk-driven technique for EEG applications
32. Ultra low-power low-pass filter design for wearable biomedical applications
33. A 0.3 V, 56 dB DR, 100 Hz fourth order low-pass filter for ECG acquisition system10.1016/j.mejo.2019.104652 ↗
34. An improved FVF lowpass filter with 0.02 fJ-FoM
35. Flipped voltage follower based fourth order filter and its application to portable ECG acquisition system10.1016/j.vlsi.2019.12.003 ↗
36. Low-voltage OTA–C filter with an area- and power-efficient OTA for biosignal sensor applications10.1109/tbcas.2018.2882521 ↗
37. A 0.5-V ultra-low-power low-pass filter with a bulk-feedback technique
38. 91 dB dynamic range 9.5 nW low pass filter for bio-medical applications
39. A low-noise high-gain recycling folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier based on gate driven and quasi-floating bulk technique10.1142/s0218126622500992 ↗
40. A family of current references based on 2T voltage references: Demonstration in 0.18-μm with 0.1-nA PTAT and 1.1-μA CWT 38-ppm/°C designs10.1109/tcsi.2022.3172647 ↗
41. A 3.4-pW 0.4-V 469.3 ppm/°C five-transistor current reference generator10.1109/lssc.2018.2875825 ↗
42. A 8.2-pW 2.4-pA current reference operating at 0.5 V with no amplifiers or resistors10.1109/tcsii.2019.2936874 ↗
43. A 0.8-V, 55.1-dB DR, 100 Hz low-pass filter with low-power PTAT for bio-medical applications10.1080/03772063.2019.1682074 ↗
44. Designing a low-power LNA and filter for portable EEG acquisition applications10.1109/access.2021.3076160 ↗