Magnetohydrodynamic natural convection of a hybrid nanofluid from a sinusoidal wavy cylinder placed in a curve-shaped cavity

A numerical investigation has been executed in a curve-shaped enclosure crammed with a hybrid nanofluid containing a wavy-shaped inner cylinder with the existence of a magnetic field. A mixture of copper and alumina nanoparticles in a normal water-based solution is used to create the hybrid nanofluid. The natural convective flow in the enclosure is generated as a result of the temperature difference between a cold outer curve-shaped enclosure and a hot inner wavy cylinder. A numerical parametric examination is performed for several values of the Rayleigh number, volume concentration of nanoparticles, Hartmann number, and wave number of the inner cylinder. Outcomes are explained in terms of velocity field, isotherms, and local and average Nusselt numbers with changes in physically significant parameters. The outcomes reveal that the rate of thermal transmission is considerably augmented for rising the concentration of the hybrid nanofluid and Rayleigh number; however, with a higher Hartmann number, opposite tendency is exhibited. In addition, the intensity of the fluid flow and the heat transfer inside the enclosure are controlled by the number of waves in the internal cylinder.