Biochar-based adsorption technologies for microplastic remediation in aquatic ecosystems

Since microplastic (MP) particles pose serious dangers to human and environmental health by infiltrating aquatic habitats, soils, and even the food chain, MP contamination has emerged as a major environmental problem. Developing and implementing efficient sorption techniques is essential to lessening the effects of MP pollution, which is becoming more and more common. Innovative solutions are required since traditional removal techniques frequently struggle to effectively capture MPs, especially smaller particles. An overview of the origins and processes of MP contamination, possible health effects, and difficulties in identifying them in biological systems is given in this article. One efficient and adaptable method for eliminating MPs from aquatic environments is adsorption technology. Because of its large surface area, complex porosity, and strong stability, biochar has become a viable option among sorbents. Systems based on biochar provide an economical and sustainable way to reduce MP pollution, which makes them an important area for further study. The potential of biochar in environmental rehabilitation is highlighted in this review, which also argues for its wider incorporation into environmental management procedures. The review affirms the serious danger that MPs represent to ecosystems and living organisms, but it also points out that there are still gaps in our understanding of their consequences. Despite its presentation as a cost-effective and promising adsorbent, further work is required to maximize its removal efficiency, optimize its use, and incorporate it into industrial-scale operations. To properly handle the escalating problem of MP contamination, these developments are crucial.