AI enhanced metasurface sensor design for ultra-sensitive terahertz gas detection using 2D materials

Recent advancements in gas sensing technologies have significantly enhanced the detection and monitoring of gases across various applications, including environmental protection and industrial safety. This paper presents a novel metasurface-based sensor design that integrates advanced two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, copper, and MXene, to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity in terahertz gas detection. The proposed architecture features a central circular resonator surrounded by a square ring resonator, optimized for plasmonic modes, and an additional gold-coated circular ring to amplify detection capabilities. Through comprehensive modeling and simulation, the sensor’s performance was optimized, demonstrating remarkable sensitivity with a peak value of 800 GHz/RIU and robust responses across various gas concentrations. Moreover, the implementation of polynomial regression models further demonstrates the relationship between structural parameters and detection performance, achieving perfect predictive accuracy (R2 = 1.00). The results indicate that this innovative design not only addresses the growing demand for efficient gas sensing solutions but also sets the stage for future developments in sensor technology, with implications for healthcare diagnostics and environmental monitoring.