journal article·2020-05-01Open access

Research status of replacement gases for SF6 in power industry

Shuangshuang Tian, Xiaoxing Zhang, Yann Cressault, Juntai Hu, Bo Wang, Song Xiao, Yi Li, Narjisse Kabbaj

AIP Advances· Volume 10· Issue 5

Abstract

SF6 is widely used in the industrial field due to its stable structure and excellent properties. It is mainly used in electrical insulation equipment. Due to the boiling point of SF6, its use in extremely cold regions has been limited. It is harmful to the health of practitioners due to the toxicity of decomposition products. The gas has limited its wider use because of its strong greenhouse effect. As a result, researchers and electrical equipment manufacturing companies around the world are gradually searching for new environmentally friendly gases and have conducted research and exploration on theory and experiment. In this paper, the current status and existing problems of SF6 are summarized. The research contents and research methods of SF6 alternative gas direction are reviewed from the aspects of insulation performance, interrupter performance, and decomposition performance. The existing research results of the natural gas, SF6 mixed gas, perfluorocarbons, and CnFmX gas are summarized, and the future development trend of alternative gas for SF6 in the electrical industry is proposed.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena · Vacuum and Plasma Arcs · Electrical Fault Detection and Protection

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology 1 , Wuhan 430068, China

LAPLACE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d’Energie), UPS, INPT, Université de Toulouse 2 , 118 route de Narbonne, CO F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

State Grid Pingdingshan Power Supply Company 3 , Pingdingshan 467001, China

School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University 4 , Wuhan 430072, China

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of China

References (99)

Show source-provided references
1. Compt. Rend. · 1900 · 130 · 869
2. Gaseous insulation for high-voltage apparatus10.1109/t-aiee.1947.5059599 ↗
3. Gaseous insulation for high-voltage transformers10.1109/aieepas.1952.4498481 ↗
4. Dielectric breakdown of high pressure SF6 in sphere and coaxial cylinder gaps10.1109/tpas.1974.293904 ↗
5. DC dielectric strength of a SF6 gas insulated system10.1109/tpas.1978.354472 ↗
6. Particle-initiated breakdown in SF6 insulated systems under high direct voltage10.1109/tpas.1979.319295 ↗
7. Measurement of ionisation and attachment coefficients in SF610.1049/piee.1971.0352 ↗
8. Temperature effect in the electrical breakdown of SF6
9. An investigation of the arc-quenching behavior of sulfur hexafloride [includes discussion]10.1109/aieepas.1953.4498627 ↗
10. A new 115-kv 1,000-mva gas-filled circuit breaker10.1109/ee.1956.6442313 ↗
11. The use of SF6 for high-power arc quenching10.1109/ee.1957.6442711 ↗
12. A 69-Kv SF6 common-tank breaker rated 5,000 Mva10.1109/tpas.1963.291496 ↗
13. A new design 34.5 to 69 Kv intermediate capacity SF6 circuit breaker10.1109/tpas.1964.4765958 ↗
14. A 500-kV circuit breaker using SF6 gas10.1109/tpas.1965.4766118 ↗
15. Insulation coordination qualities of 500-kV SF6 circuit breakers10.1109/tpas.1965.4766114 ↗
16. New SF6 EHV Circuit breakers for 550 kV and 765 kV10.1109/tpas.1970.292786 ↗
17. New generation of oilless circuit breakers 115 kV-345kV I. System requirements10.1109/tpas.1971.293088 ↗
18. New generation of oilless circuit breakers 115 kV-345kV III.-Insulation systems10.1109/tpas.1971.293090 ↗
19. New generation of oilless circuit breakers 115 kV-345kV IV-The mechanical system10.1109/tpas.1971.293091 ↗
20. Installation and field testing of 138kV SF6 gas insulated station and transmission line10.1109/t-pas.1975.32000 ↗
21. New generation of oilless circuit breakers 115 kV-345kV II-The interrupting system10.1109/tpas.1971.293089 ↗
22. 12 1940
23. 150 kV EPM cable connections between transformers and SF6 insulated switchgear for 5 substations in Rome10.1109/t-pas.1977.32321 ↗
24. SF6 gas circuit breaker, new solution for generator main circuit switching10.1109/tpas.1979.319288 ↗
25. Mechanical design and test of 1200 kV semi-flexible SF6 insulated transmission line10.1109/tpas.1982.317212 ↗
26. Development of 275 kV EHV class gas-insulated power transformer10.1109/tpas.1985.318996 ↗
27. Development of 1200-kV compressed-gas-insulated transmission and substation equipment in the United States10.1109/tpwrd.1987.4308118 ↗
28. Design of 154 kV extra-high-voltage prototype SF6 bushing for superconducting electric power applications10.7567/jjap.51.09me01 ↗
29. Dielectric and thermal challenges for next generation ring main units (RMU)
30. 2003 · 188
31. Recent advances in decomposition of the most potent greenhouse gas SF610.1080/10643389.2017.1400860 ↗
32. Replacement gases for SF610.1109/tei.1980.298243 ↗
33. On the toxicity of SF6 insulating gas10.1109/tei.1984.298788 ↗
34. On the toxicity of SF6 insulating gas10.1109/tei.1983.298590 ↗
35. The nature of metal-electrodes/SF6 reactions in SF6 decomposition due to direct-current interruption under simulated circuit-breaker conditions10.1109/tei.1976.297923 ↗
36. Pulmonary effects of acute exposure to degradation products of sulphur hexafluoride during electrical cable repair work10.1136/oem.47.12.829 ↗
37. Inhalation of degraded sulphur hexafluoride resulting in pulmonary oedema10.1093/occmed/38.3.82 ↗
38. Mechanism of formation of SF6 decomposition gas products and its identification by GC-MS and electrochemical methods: A mini review10.1016/S1452-3981(23)06617-8 ↗
39. Concerning biological effects of spark-decomposed SF610.1049/ip-a-2.1990.0036 ↗
40. 1998
41. The irreversible momentum of clean energy10.1126/science.aam6284 ↗
42. 1997
43. Research on insulation performance of SF6 substitute CF3I/CO2 under power frequency voltage and the influence of micro-moisture on CF3I
44. Global emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases until 2050: Technical mitigation potentials and costs
45. A review on SF6 substitute gases and research status of CF3I gases10.1016/j.egyr.2018.07.006 ↗
46. Investigation of the insulation performance of a new gas mixture with extremely low GWP
47. 2015
48. Dielectric characteristic of dichlorodifluoromethane (R12) gas and mixture with N2/air as an alternative to SF6 gas10.1049/hve.2017.0047 ↗
49. High voltage insulation properties of HFO1234ze10.1109/tdei.2015.005118 ↗
50. Recent advances in the quest for a new insulation gas with a low impact on the environment to replace sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas in high-voltage power network applications10.3390/en10081216 ↗
51. 2007
52. Ionization in oxygen-hydrogen mixtures10.1088/0022-3727/5/7/309 ↗
53. Breakdown characteristics of CF4 and CF4/N2 hybrid gas in refrigeration temperature range10.1007/s11771-017-3488-7 ↗
54. Positron transport in CF4 and N2/CF4 mixtures10.1140/epjd/e2014-50087-5 ↗
55. Electron transport coefficients in SF610.1088/0022-3727/26/11/020 ↗
56. Effective ionization coefficients and electron drift velocities in gas mixtures of SF6 with He, Xe, CO2 and N2 from Boltzmann analysis10.1088/0022-3727/35/23/307 ↗
57. Prediction on dielectric strength and boiling point of gaseous molecules for replacement of SF610.1002/jcc.24741 ↗
58. Beiträge zur theorie des statischen und des dynamischen Lichtbogens10.1007/bf02084317 ↗
59. Anode attachment modes and their formation in a high intensity argon arc10.1088/0963-0252/16/3/012 ↗
60. Anode-boundary-layer behaviour in a transferred, high-intensity arc10.1088/0022-3727/31/20/017 ↗
61. Density functional theory10.1146/annurev.pc.34.100183.003215 ↗
62. Thermal plasma modelling10.1088/0022-3727/38/9/r01 ↗
63. Thermal plasmas in gas mixtures10.1088/0022-3727/34/20/201 ↗
64. Thermophysical properties of nitrogen plasmas under thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions10.1063/1.3657426 ↗
65. TiO2 nanotube array sensor for detecting the SF6 decomposition product SO210.3390/s120303302 ↗
66. Partial discharge recognition through an analysis of SF6 decomposition products part 2: Feature extraction and decision tree-based pattern recognition10.1109/tdei.2012.6148500 ↗
67. Influence of trace-level O2 on SF6 decomposition characteristics under partial discharge
68. Study on PD detection in SF6 using multi-wall carbon nanotube films sensor10.1109/tdei.2010.5492256 ↗
69. Comparative study of materials to SF6 decomposition components
70. Ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectrometry: Quantitative analysis of the CS2 produced by SF6 decomposition10.1088/1361-6501/aa821a ↗
71. Adsorption of gases from SF6 decomposition on aluminum-doped SWCNTs: A density functional theory study10.1140/epjd/e2015-60172-x ↗
72. Influence regularity of trace H2O on SF6 decomposition characteristics under partial discharge of needle-plate electrode10.1109/tdei.2014.004217 ↗
73. Relationship between decomposition gas ratios and partial discharge energy in GIS, and the influence of residual water and oxygen10.1109/tdei.2014.6832269 ↗
74. Influence regularity of aluminum, copper and stainless-steel on SF6 PD decomposition characteristics components10.5370/jeet.2017.12.1.295 ↗
75. Influence of metallic materials on SF6 decomposition components under positive DC partial discharge10.1007/s11090-017-9841-7 ↗
76. Calculated rate constants of the chemical reactions involving the main byproducts SO2F, SOF2, SO2F2 of SF6 decomposition in power equipment10.1088/0022-3727/49/15/155502 ↗
77. Decomposition characteristics of SF6 under thermal fault for temperatures below 400 C10.1109/tdei.2014.6832242 ↗
78. Insulation strength and decomposition characteristics of a C6F12O and N2 gas mixture10.3390/en10081170 ↗
79. Analysis of Paschen curves for air, N2 and SF6 using the Townsend breakdown equation10.1109/tei.1982.298506 ↗
80. Particle-initiated breakdown characteristics of conical insulator in N2 gas and N2/O2 mixture under DC voltage10.1109/tei.1987.298971 ↗
81. The electrical performance of air or nitrogen gas with solid insulation and the application for switchgears
82. Compressed gas insulation in the million-volt range: A comparison or SF6 with N2 and CO210.1109/tpas.1963.291364 ↗
83. Comparison of the breakdown strength of N2, CO2 and SF6 using the extended up-and-down method
84. Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of CO2 gas for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-method for converting non-standard lightning impulse waveforms into standard lightning impulse waveforms10.1109/tdei.2011.6032844 ↗
85. Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of CO2 gas for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-breakdown characteristics in the presence of bias voltages under non-uniform electric field10.1109/tdei.2013.6451348 ↗
86. Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of N2 gas for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-breakdown characteristics under single-frequency oscillation waveforms and with bias voltages10.1109/tdei.2011.6032848 ↗
87. Prebreakdown phenomena in 20/80% N2O/N2 gas mixtures for vft-voltage stress
88. Dielectric strength of N2-He mixtures and comparison with N2-SF6 and CO2-SF6 mixtures10.1109/tpas.1981.316981 ↗
89. Study on oxygen/nitrogen gas mixtures for the surface insulation performance in gas insulated switchgear10.1109/tdei.2015.7116352 ↗
90. Fundamental insulation characteristics of air; N2, CO2, N2/O2, and SF6/N2 mixed gases10.1002/eej.20348 ↗
91. Nitrogen oxides generation induced by negative corona discharge in N2+O2 mixtures
92. Impulse partial discharge and breakdown characteristics of rod–plane gaps in air and N2 gases10.1002/eej.10277 ↗
93. Lightning impulse breakdown characteristics of high-pressure N2 as an alternative insulation gas to SF610.1007/978-1-4615-0583-9_50 ↗
94. 40.5 kV non SF6 C-GIS research
95. Prediction of the critical reduced electric field strength for carbon dioxide and its mixtures with 50% O2 and 50% H2 from Boltzmann analysis for gas temperatures up to 3500 K at atmospheric pressure10.1088/0022-3727/47/32/325203 ↗
96. Study of the synergistic effect in dielectric breakdown property of CO2–O2 mixtures10.1063/1.4996357 ↗
97. Investigation on the reduced critical breakdown field of hot CO2 gas and CO2-based mixtures
98. Electron swarm coefficients in CO2-N2 and CO2-O2 mixtures10.1109/tps.2009.2017538 ↗
99. Ionization, attachment and detachment in air and air-CO2 mixtures10.1088/0022-3727/7/10/317 ↗