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journal article·2026-07-03Open access

EpCAM + Extracellular Vesicle PD‐L1 Dynamics as a Predictive Biomarker of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Response

Byeonggeol Mun, Jinyoung Kim, Chang Gon Kim, Seokhyeong Go, Mina Han, Yujin Ouck, Soojin Jang, Seong Uk Son, Gamin Kim, Wonrak Son, Eunjung Kim, Min Hee Hong, Ja Hyun Yeo, Eun‐Kyung Lim, Hye Ryun Kim, Seungjoo Haam

Advanced Science
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) blockade improves outcomes in patients with various malignancies; however, biomarkers for monitoring treatment responses are lacking. This study presents a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based platform for the ultrasensitive detection of PD‐L1 on circulating epithelial cell adhesion molecule‐positive (EpCAM + ) extracellular vesicles (EVs). The platform is validated using interferon‐gamma‐treated epithelial tumor cell line‐derived EVs. The platform is further applied to paired pre‐ and post‐treatment plasma samples from patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer ( n = 140) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( n = 73) receiving anti‐PD‐(L)1 immunotherapy. Dynamic changes in PD‐L1 expression on EV are shown to correlate with clinical outcomes. A post‐treatment decrease in PD‐L1 expression on EpCAM + EVs (EpCAM + EV PD‐L1) is associated with improved 5‐year progression‐free and overall survival. These results establish EpCAM + EV PD‐L1 as a dynamic, non‐invasive biomarker for monitoring immunotherapy responses and demonstrate the utility of SERS‐based profiling in predicting long‐term responses to immune checkpoint blockade.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Extracellular vesicles in disease · Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics · Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering College of Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea

Bionanotechnology Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea

Division of Medical Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea

Department of Nanobiotechnology KRIBB School of Biotechnology University of Science and Technology Daejeon Republic of Korea

Department of Bioengineering and Nano‐Bioengineering Research Center for Bio Materials and Process Development Incheon National University Incheon Republic of Korea

School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Republic of Korea

YUHS‐KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea

Graduate School of Medical Science Brain Korea 21 Project Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea

Funding

Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy · Ministry of Food and Drug Safety · Ministry of Health and Welfare · Yonsei University College of Medicine · Ministry of Education

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