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journal article·2026-06-11Open access

Femtosecond‐Laser‐Induced Physical Unclonable Random Maze Structure for Storage‐Free Encryption

Shiru Jiang, Hongliang Li, Shengjie Ma, Sang‐Shin Lee, Lei Wang, Mengyun Hu, Heping Zeng

Advanced Science
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) serve as physical cryptographic primitives that provide hardware‐level information protection. However, as PUFs shrink to smaller and more complex dimensions, they face increasing challenges in response accessibility and storage overhead. Here, we present a multi‐level, easily accessible PUFs based on gold random maze structures that enable information encryption without storing responses or keys. The mazes are formed through femtosecond‐laser‐induced localized plasmonic effects and Marangoni convection on gold near‐percolation films. The random morphologies support independent optical and electrical PUFs based on Au mazes. The microscale interconnects endowed with nanoscale structural characteristics allow on‐site acquisition of PUF responses and real‐time key generation during encryption with high security. We further demonstrate a high‐security and storage‐free encryption process on an integrated circuit platform, highlighting a path to shift from long‐term key storage models to next‐generation, on‐site security architectures.
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Research context

Nanomaterials

OpenAlex topics: Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security · Random lasers and scattering media · Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy Hainan Institute East China Normal University Shanghai China

School of Information Science and Technology Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China

Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University Chongqing China

Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou China

Department of Electronic Engineering Kwangwoon University Seoul South Korea

College of Mathematics and Physics Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China

Institute of Precision Optical Equipment for Marine Surveys (POEMS) Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City Sanya Hainan China

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China

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