NIR‐II‐Trackable LYTACs Phyto‐Nanotheranostics for Source‐Microenvironment Dual‐Track ROS Regulation in Acute Gouty Arthritis

ABSTRACT The acute gouty arthritis (GA) is critically driven by the NOX2‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) explosion in macrophages, while current clinical drugs lack precise regulatory capability. Dealing with the challenge, a novel nanomaterial named TPR‐LYTACs has been developed in this study. The TPR‐LYTACs construction involves the assembly of a nano‐core (TPR) from tea polyphenols and acidified rutin. The antioxidant TPR core is conjugated via modular assembly with a NOX2‐targeting antibody and maleylated bovine serum albumin for source inhibition, enabling dual‐pathway ROS regulation. In the acute GA model rats, excellent targeting and effective control of local inflammation are demonstrated by the TPR‐LYTACs, with near‐infrared‐II fluorescence imaging confirming their specific enrichment at disease sites. Consequently, a new therapeutic strategy defined as “source inhibition and microenvironment scavenging of ROS” is established, offering a novel paradigm for the precise treatment of inflammatory diseases.