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journal article·2026-05-20Open access

Stretchable Microelectrode Arrays with Microneedles for Reliable Electrophysiological Recording of Human Heart and Brain Organoids

Eunyoung Jang, Saewoon Shin, Seul‐Gi Lee, Kiup Kim, Yoojeong Kim, Jun Sun, Il‐Joo Cho, Joseph A. Gogos, Jong‐Chan Park, C‐Yoon Kim, Hyunjoo J. Lee

Advanced Science
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Real‐time, non‐destructive monitoring of electrophysiological dynamics of 3D organoids is imperative for advancing disease modeling and high‐throughput drug screening. However, obtaining continuous, reliable signals remains difficult due to the destructive nature of penetrating probes and the unreliable contact issue prone to surface recordings. Here, we present a stretchable 3D microelectrode array with microneedles (3D MN‐sMEA) fabricated via a scalable wafer‐level stud‐bump bonding process for minimally destructive and stable monitoring. We achieve high‐fidelity, reliable electrophysiological recordings of both human iPSC‐derived heart and cerebral models. Compared with 2D and 3D planar microelectrodes, 3D microelectrodes with microneedles achieve a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio and greater long‐term recording stability. Furthermore, quantitative pharmacological profiling validates its ability to enable precise drug screening. By combining scalable manufacturing with flexible, tissue‐compliant interfaces, our approach enables stable, minimally invasive, and long‐term electrophysiological monitoring of 3D organoids for scalable disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering · Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery · 3D Printing in Biomedical Research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea

Department of Biophysics Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea

Institute of Quantum Biophysics Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea

College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea

Department of Convergence Medicine College of Medicine Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea

Department of Anatomy & Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science College of Medicine Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea

Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute Columbia University New York New York USA

Stavros Niarchos Foundation Center for Precision Psychiatry and Mental Health Columbia University New York New York USA

Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Republic of Korea

Department of Metabiohealth Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea

KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC) Daejeon Republic of Korea

Department of Bio and Brain Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea

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