Wireless Bioelectronic Modulation of Membrane Potential in Glioblastoma Using Carbon Nanotube Porins

ABSTRACT Disruption of membrane potential (V _mem ) can activate pathways associated with cancer proliferation. Manipulating ion channels may therefore present an effective strategy for treating cancers that fail to respond to conventional therapies. One approach to target these channels is to manipulate the membrane charge, which involves the use of wireless bipolar electrodes such as carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs) inserted into cell membranes to modulate membrane charge and ionic flux. By utilizing membrane dyes, we observed alterations in V _mem induced by CNTPs and externally applied voltages. Analyses of cellular behaviors and processes indicated that V _mem is more receptive to stimuli in invasive cancers, while it leads to increased metabolism in less invasive cancers, with notable changes in the cell cycle occurring at approximately 48 h post‐treatment in Glioblastoma (GB) cell lines. This work shows that CNTPs, in combination and with externally applied voltages, can modulate V _mem and alter cancer cell processes, supporting their potential as a therapeutic.