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journal article·2026-03Open access

Convergent and Divergent Connectivity Patterns of the Arcuate Fasciculus in Macaques and Humans

Jiahao Huang, Ruifeng Li, Wenwen Yu, Anan Li, Xiangning Li, Mingchao Yan, Lei Xie, Qingrun Zeng, Xueyan Jia, Shuxin Wang, Ronghui Ju, Feng Chen, Qingming Luo, Hui Gong, Andrew Zalesky, Xiaoquan Yang, Yuanjing Feng, Zheng Wang

Advanced Science· Volume 13· Issue 13
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Source abstract

Abstract

Abstract The organization and connectivity of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) in nonhuman primates remain contentious, especially concerning how its anatomy diverges from that of humans. Here, viral‐based genetic labeling and fluorescence micro‐optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) are integrated for single‐neuron tracing with whole‐brain tractography derived from 11.7T diffusion MRI in four macaques. Augmented by human 7.0T MRI spectral embedding analyses, this multimodal framework enabled cross‐species comparative connectomics of the AF. Complemented by spectral embedding analysis of 7.0T MRI in humans, a comparative connectomic analysis of the AF across species is performed. It is demonstrated that the macaque AF originates in the temporal‐parietal cortex, traverses the auditory cortex and parietal operculum, and projects into prefrontal regions. In contrast, the human AF exhibits greater expansion into the middle temporal gyrus and stronger prefrontal and parietal operculum connectivity–divergences quantified by Kullback–Leibler analysis that likely underpin the evolutionary specialization of human language networks. These differences underscore the critical role of AF expansion and differentiation in the evolution of human language capabilities.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications · Functional Brain Connectivity Studies · Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies

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Affiliations

Institute of Advanced Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China

Institute of Science and Technology for Brain‐inspired Intelligence Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

HUST‐Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics JITRI Suzhou 215123 China

State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering Hainan University Daxue Lu Sanya Yazhou District 572025 China

Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China

Department of Radiology The People's Hospital of China Medical University and the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province Shenyang 110016 China

Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurointerventional Therapy and Biomaterials Research and Development Shenyang 110016 China

Department of Radiology Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University) Haikou Hainan 570311 China

Systems Lab Department of Psychiatry Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia

School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

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