Extracellular Vesicles: Modularized Extracellular Vesicles: The Dawn of Prospective Personalized and Precision Medicine (Adv. Sci. 2/2018)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ubiquitous nanosized membrane vesicles that consist of a lipid bilayer enclosing proteins and nucleic acids. They are active in intercellular communications. As reviewed by Shang-Chun Guo, Chang-Qing Zhang, and co-workers in article number 1700449, attempts have been made to modify or improve almost all the components of EVs, including the lipid bilayer, the proteins, and the nucleic acids, thus launching a new era in modularized EV therapy through the modular design of EV components. Modularized EVs have highly customized modular design components related to biological function and targeted delivery, and they are proposed as a promising approach to achieve personalized and precision medicine.