journal article·2025-09Open access

Artificial Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism of Bulk van der Waals VSe 2

Jinhyoung Lee, Gunhyoung Kim, Hyunho Seok, Hyunbin Choi, Hyeonjeong Lee, Seokchan Lee, Geonwook Kim, Hyunho Kim, Seowoo Son, Sihoon Son, Dongho Lee, Hosin Hwang, Hyelim Shin, Sujeong Han, Geumji Back, Alexina Ollier, Yeon‐Ji Kim, Lei Fang, Gyuho Han, Goo‐Eun Jung, Youngi Lee, Hyeong‐U Kim, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Wonjun Shin, Suraj Cheema, Andreas Heinrich, Won‐Jun Jang, Taesung Kim

Advanced Science· Volume 12· Issue 34

Abstract

Abstract Originating from spin and orbital motion, van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetism has emerged as a significant platform to experimentally access the fundamental physics of magnetism in reduced dimensions, including quantum computing, sensing, and data storage. However, currently, available vdW ferromagnetic materials can be achieved with mechanical exfoliation and low‐temperature operation, which completely limits the monolithic integration of vdW ferromagnets with other functional materials. Nonetheless, the direct synthesis of room‐temperature vdW ferromagnets has not been achieved commercially, owing to the imprecise control of the layer‐by‐layer growth, high‐temperature synthesis, and low yield. To overcome these limitations, herein, an artificial vdW ferromagnetic platform has been reported, which activates the nano‐crystallization and its corresponding ferromagnetism in bulk VSe 2 via Ar + H 2 S plasma sulfurization. Sweeping the magnetic field, vdW ferromagnetism has been spatially resolved, which experimentally correlates with magnetization reversal behavior and domain pinning effects. Furthermore, nano‐crystallization of VSe 2 is clearly validated with transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and selected area diffraction analysis. In conclusion, it is envisioned that the artificial vdW ferromagnetic platform can artificially inject the ferromagnetism in bulk vdW VSe 2 , which has not been possible previously.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: 2D Materials and Applications · MXene and MAX Phase Materials · Heusler alloys: electronic and magnetic properties

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon‐si Gyeonggi‐do 16419 South Korea

Center for Quantum Nanoscience Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 03760 South Korea

Department of Semiconductor Convergence Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea

SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea

Department of Nano Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea

Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Department of Physics Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 South Korea

Park Systems Corporation 109, Gwanggyo‐ro, Yeongtong‐gu Suwon‐si Gyeonggi‐do 16229 South Korea

Semiconductor Manufacturing Research Center Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) Daejeon 34103 South Korea

Nano‐Mechatronics KIMM Campus University of Science & Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 South Korea

National Institute for Materials Science Namiki 1‐1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐0044 Japan

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Department of Nano Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea · Ministry of Education · Institute for Basic Science · National Research Foundation · Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea · Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy · Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology

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