Optically Transparent Metasurface for Bidirectional Wave Manipulation: Decoupling Transmission and Reflection in Multifunctional Visual‐Electromagnetic Systems

Abstract Modern communication and detection platforms increasingly demand optical transparency alongside efficient microwave performance, particularly in applications of smart glass curtain walls, photovoltaic power generation, and vehicular communication systems. Optically transparent metasurfaces employ subwavelength elements to control electromagnetic (EM) wave properties, enabling dynamic beamforming, extended signal coverage, and low scattering while preserving visual clarity. However, achieving multifunctional EM control remains challenging due to material losses, restricted phase coverage, and fabrication complexities in multilayer architectures, limiting current designs to only single‐mode operation (transmission or reflection) and impeding advanced integration. To address these limitations, this work proposes a transmission‐reflection decoupled metasurface based on a fine metal line (FML) structure. The design enables independent, broadband, low‐loss, and precise control of both transmitted and reflected EM waves. To validate this strategy, two prototype metasurface antenna arrays are designed and fabricated: a high‐gain, low‐scattering antenna array and a high‐gain transmit‐reflect antenna array. Experimental results demonstrate high optical transparency, efficient radiation performance, and broadband low‐scattering characteristics. Notably, the proposed metasurfaces achieve microwave performance comparable to traditional printed circuit board (PCB)–based structures while integrating optical transparency. This study pioneers the integration of multifunctional metasurfaces with optically transparent windows, unifying microwave communication and visual interaction.