Self‐Powered Polarization‐Sensitive 3D Photodetector with Fast Response Enabled by Mechanically‐Guided Assembly of Tubular MoS₂/GaAs/InGaAs Heterostructure

Abstract 3D photodetectors (3dPDs) fabricated by mechanically‐guided assembly have garnered significant attention for their unique structures and photodetection capabilities. However, 3dPDs constructed with heterostructures still face major challenges and have yet to demonstrate self‐powered polarization‐sensitive photodetection, owing to the extreme difficulties in 3D assembly of heterostructures and the fabrication of perfectly‐matched electrodes. In this study, self‐powered polarization‐sensitive 3dPDs based on heterostructures have been demonstrated for the first time through the controllable rolling assembly and crafted electrode design of tubular MoS₂/GaAs/InGaAs heterostructure. A dichroic ratio of 1.39 is measured under 650 nm wide‐angle omnidirectional incident light, and the underlying polarization mechanism is clearly elucidated through comparative experiments and simulations, primarily attributed to the uniaxially‐strained MoS₂ in the self‐rolled‐up heterostructure. Benefiting from the built‐in electric field offered by the heterostructure, the as‐fabricated self‐powered 3dPD demonstrates a fast response time (τ_r/τ_f) of 710/700 µs, which is nearly two orders faster than the self‐powered polarization‐sensitive tubular 3dPD based on homostructures, meanwhile achieving a responsivity of 86 mA W⁻¹. Significantly‐improved polarization‐sensitive photodetection performance of heterostructure‐based self‐powered 3dPDs can be expected via introducing functionalized 2D materials and semiconductors, thus making tubular 3dPDs great application prospects in low‐power consumption, fast recognition, and target tracking.