Efficient n‐Dopants and Their Roles in Organic Electronics

Abstract The n‐type doping is an effective method to improve electron injection/extraction which not only provides a way to fine‐control the energy level of organic semiconductors, but also greatly improves the efficiency and even enhances the stability of organic electronics, such as organic light‐emitting diodes, organic solar cells, and organic field‐effect transistors. Over the decades, n‐dopants are highly concerned by researchers and rapid advances are made in n‐doping species and models. In this paper, the recent progress on efficient n‐dopants and their roles in organic electronics are comprehensively reviewed from the perspective of doping physics, doping chemistry, and doping performance for devices.