Fabrication of TiO₂/MXene Nanohybrid Electron Transport Layer by Artist Spray Gun Assisted Pyrolysis Method for Efficient Carbon Perovskite Solar Cell

Abstract A new class of 2D Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene) in different weight percentages (0, 1, and 2 wt.%) are hybrid with TiO₂ nanopowder to form TiO₂/MXene nanohybrids by artist spray gun assisted (ASG) pyrolysis method to use an electron transport layer (ETL) for carbon perovskite solar cell (PSC). The influence of Ti₃C₂T_x on TiO₂ in light absorption, charge separation and carrier dynamics is studied in detail. The formation of TiO₂/MXene is studied by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The emission spectrum, charge separation and carrier dynamics of TiO₂/MXene nanohybrid are analyzed by photoluminescence studies. They exhibit an emission spectrum at 390 nm. The photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance results reveal that the Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets provide a superior charge transfer path with less electron transfer resistance at the ETL/perovskite interface, which lead to produce higher photocurrent. This study reveals that TiO₂/MXene nanohybrid can be used as a promising ETL to enhance the photo‐conversion efficiency of carbon PSC. These results reveal that TiO₂‐ MXene (1 wt.%) nanohybrid ETL shows the highest PCE of 5.15% than that of TiO₂‐ MXene (2 wt.%) nanohybrid ETL and pristine TiO₂ ETL‐based PSC (4.64%).