A Comprehensive Review on Biodegradable Materials and Technologies for Transient Electronics

ABSTRACT Transient electronics, also referred to as biodegradable electronics, constitute an emerging field of technology that utilizes materials and devices capable of dissolving or degrading in a controlled manner after a defined period of stable operation, yielding end products that are environmentally and physiologically benign. This technology enables applications such as environmentally sustainable electronics, temporary biomedical implants, and hardware systems with enhanced data security. The operational principle of transient electronics differs fundamentally from the long‐term durability of conventional electronic devices. This review highlights the emergence of state‐of‐the‐art biodegradable materials for use in transient electronics. It comprehensively covers the design principles and degradation mechanisms of these materials as applied to key components, including encapsulation layers, substrates, dielectrics, semiconductors, and conductors. We hope the promising materials and technologies described here will pave the way for a more sustainable future in our electronics‐driven world, alleviating energy scarcity and environmental deterioration, inspiring future researchers, and ultimately enhancing human wellbeing.