Reconfigurable Vertical Schottky Photodiodes Based on Ferroelectric 2D Semiconductors for Perceptual‐Precision, Context‐Aware Neuromorphic Vision

ABSTRACT To realize in‐memory sensing and computing platforms, it is essential to integrate sensing, computation, and memory functionalities within a single device, enabling energy‐ and time‐efficient vision systems with high perceptual precision. However, achieving such multi‐functional processing capability within a compact device structure remains a major challenge. Here, a reconfigurable vertical photodiode based on α‐In ₂ Se ₃ is presented, a ferroelectric 2D semiconductor. Gradual and reversible modulation of built‐in electric fields at the top and bottom Schottky junctions is achieved through partial out‐of‐plane polarization switching of α‐In ₂ Se ₃ , enabling multi‐level, non‐volatile, and polarity‐tunable photoresponsivity. This allows analog programmability with a high degree of freedom in processing within a two‐terminal metal‐ferroelectric semiconductor‐metal (MFsM) structure, effectively resolving trade‐off between structural compactness and computing versatility. Leveraging these intrinsic characteristics, we demonstrate a versatile sensor‐level perceptual processing framework using a reconfigurable photodiode crossbar array. By exploiting the high‐density spatial integration capability, the system adaptively configures its spatial support to prioritize either suppressing environmental noise for robust feature extraction or preserving fine‐grained details for precise classification, depending on the task requirements. These results lay the foundation for highly scalable and energy‐efficient neuromorphic vision system with high perceptual precision.