journal article·2020-11

A natural flavonoid treatment of wood: artificial weathering and decay resistance

Eylem D. Tomak, Mahmut A. Ermeydan

Publisher page

Abstract

In this study, a natural flavonoid, chrysin, was used as a wood impregnation agent and evaluated in terms of artificial weathering and decay resistance of wood. For this purpose, Scots pine samples were impregnated with chrysin after tosylation pre-treatment and, then, exposed to artificial weathering for 672 h. Color, surface roughness, contact angle and macroscopic changes were recorded during the test period. Furthermore, surface chemical components and morphological changes were evaluated with ATR-FTIR and SEM, respectively. Decay resistance of samples was assessed using a brown-rot fungus (Coniophora puteana) and a white-rot fungus (Coriolus versicolor) for both leached and un-leached samples. In the results, chrysin impregnation was found efficacious in preventing C. puteana attack. However, a proper protection was not ensured against C. versicolor attack. Tosylation was effective in resisting decay by both fungi, but it was not effective in decreasing weathering degradation on the wood surface as chrysin impregnation did. Chrysin decreased color changes and surface roughness. In addition, surface hydrophobicity increased, and lignin degradation decreased with chrysin impregnation. Cracks on treated samples seemed to be an important disadvantage after exposure to weathering agents. Results of chrysin impregnation gave some promising results to improve service life of non/low-durable wood species in outdoor use.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Wood Treatment and Properties · Building materials and conservation · Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (46)

Show source-provided references
1. Asakura H, Kitahora T (2018) Chap 23—Antioxidants and polyphenols in inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. In: Watson RR, Preedy VR, Zibadi S (eds) Polyphenols: prevention and treatment of human disease, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 279–29210.1016/B978-0-12-813008-7.00023-0 ↗
2. ASTM G154-16 (2016) Standard practice for operating fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) lamp apparatus for exposure of nonmetallic materials
3. Bariska M, Pizzi A (1986) The interaction of polyflavonoid tannins with wood cell-walls. Holzforschung 40:299–30210.1515/hfsg.1986.40.5.299 ↗
4. Bridson JH, Kaur J, Zhang Z, Donaldson L, Fernyhough A (2015) Polymeric flavonoids processed with copolymers as UV and thermal stabilizers for polyethylene films. Polym Degrad Stab 122:18–2410.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.002 ↗
5. Can A, Sivrikaya H, Hazer B (2018) Fungal inhibition and chemical characterization of wood treated with novel polystyrene-soybean oil copolymer containing silver nanoparticles. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 133:210–21510.1016/j.ibiod.2018.06.022 ↗
6. Chang TC, Chang HT, Wu CL, Chang ST (2010a) Influences of extractives on the photodegradation of wood. Polym Degrad Stab 95:516–52110.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.12.024 ↗
7. Chang TC, Chang HT, Wu CL, Lin HY, Chang ST (2010b) Stabilizing effect of extractives on the photo-oxidation of Acacia confusa wood. Polym Degrad Stab 95:1518–152210.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.06.012 ↗
8. Chang TC, Lin HY, Wang SY, Chang ST (2014) Study on inhibition mechanisms of light-induced wood radicals by Acacia confusa heartwood extracts. Polym Degrad Stab 105:42–4710.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.036 ↗
9. Chang TC, Hsiao NC, Yu PC, Chang ST (2015) Exploitation of Acacia confusa heartwood extract as natural photostabilizers. Wood Sci Technol 49:811–82310.1007/s00226-015-0722-z ↗
10. Chen CG (1992) Fungal resistance of loblolly pine reacted with para-toluene sulfonyl chloride or isocyanate. Wood Fiber Sci 24:161–167
11. Deka M, Petric M (2008) Photo-degradation of water borne acrylic coated modified and non-modified wood during artificial light exposure. BioResources 3:346–36210.15376/biores.3.2.346-362 ↗
12. Dorado J, Van Beek TA, Claassen FW, Sierra-Alvarez R (2001) Degradation of lipophilic wood extractive constituents in Pinus sylvestris by the white-rot fungi Bjerkandera sp. and Trametes versicolor. Wood Sci Technol 35:117–12510.1007/s002260000077 ↗
13. EN 84 (1997) Wood preservatives. Accelerated ageing of treated wood prior to biological testing. Leaching procedure. European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels
14. EN 113 (1996) Wood preservatives. Test method for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes, determination of the toxic values. European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels
15. Ermeydan MA (2019) A natural flavonoid, chrysin, improving wood properties via impregnation. BioResources 14:2133–214310.15376/biores.14.1.2133-2143 ↗
16. Ermeydan MA, Cabane E, Gierlinger N, Koetz J, Burgert I (2014) Improvement of wood material properties via in situ polymerization of styrene into tosylated cell walls. RSC Adv 4(25):12981–1298810.1039/c4ra00741g ↗
17. Ermeydan MA, Cabane E, Masic A, Koetz J, Burgert I (2012) Flavonoid insertion into cell walls improves wood properties. ACS Appl Mater Inter 4(11):5782–578910.1021/am301266k ↗
18. Faix O (1992) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In: Lin SY, Dence CW (eds) Methods in lignin chemistry. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 83–10910.1007/978-3-642-74065-7_7 ↗
19. Ganne-Chedeville C, Jaaskelainen A, Froidevaux J, Hughes M, Parviz N (2011) Natural and artificial ageing of spruce wood as observed by FTIR-ATR and UVRR Spectroscopy. Holzforschung 66(2):163–17010.1515/HF.2011.148 ↗
20. Grigsby WJ (2017) Simulating the protective role of bark proanthocyanidins in surface coatings: unexpected beneficial photo-stabilisation of exposed timber surfaces. Prog Org Coat 110:55–6110.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.03.007 ↗
21. Grosse C, Noel M, Thevenon MF, Gerardin P (2019) Improvement of modified wood properties with addition of chestnut tannins in lactic acid-based treatments. J Wood Chem Technol 39(2):124–13510.1080/02773813.2018.1513035 ↗
22. Hill CAS (2006) Wood Modification: Chemical, Thermal and Other Processes. Wiley, New York10.1002/0470021748 ↗
23. Humar M (2017) Protection of the bio-based material. In: Jones D, Brischke C (eds) Performance of Bio-based Building Materials. Woodhead Publishing, Duxford, pp 187–203
24. ISO 4287 (1997) Geometrical Product Specifications (Gps) - Surface Texture: Profile Method - Terms, Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters. International Organization for Standardization, Geneve
25. Keplinger T, Cabane E, Chanana M, Hass P, Merk V, Gierlinger N, Burgert I (2015) A versatile strategy for grafting polymers to wood cell walls. Acta Biomater 11:256–26310.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.016 ↗
26. Kielmann BC, Butter K, Mai C (2018) Impregnation of wood with formulations of phenolic resin and iron-tannin-complexes to improve material properties and expand colour variety. Eur J Wood Prod 76(1):259–26710.1007/s00107-017-1180-0 ↗
27. Kocaefe D, Saha S (2012) Comparison of the protection effectiveness of acrylic polyurethane coatings containing bark extracts on three heat-treated North American wood species: Surface degradation. Appl Surf Sci 258:5283–529010.1016/j.apsusc.2012.02.017 ↗
28. Makkar HPS, Singh B, Kamra DN (1994) Biodegradation of tannins in oak (Quercus incana) leaves by Sporotrichum pulverulentum. Lett Appl Microbiol 18:39–4110.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00795.x ↗
29. Müller U, Rätzsch M, Schwanninger M, Steiner M, Zöbl H (2003) Yellowing and IR-changes of spruce wood as result of UV-irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 69:97–10510.1016/S1011-1344(02)00412-8 ↗
30. Obataya E, Minato K, Tomita BJ (2001) Influence of moisture content on the vibrational properties of hematoxylin-impregnated wood. J Wood Sci 47:317–32110.1007/BF00766720 ↗
31. Pandey KK, Vuorinen T (2008) UV resonance Raman spectroscopic study of photodegradation of hardwood and softwood lignins by UV laser. Holzforschung 62:183–18810.1515/HF.2008.046 ↗
32. Rademacher P, Nemeth R, Bak M, Fodor F, Hofmann T (2017) European co-operation in wood research from native wood to engineered materials. Part 1: Chemical impregnation with native impregnation agents. Pro Ligno 13(4):341–350
33. Reinprecht L, Svoradová M, Réh R, Marchal R, Charrier B (2010) Decay resistance of laminated veneer lumbers from European oaks. Wood Res 55(4):79–90
34. Sakai K, Matsunaga M, Minato K, Nakatsubo F (1999) Effects of impregnation of simple phenolic and natural polycyclic compounds on physical properties of wood. J Wood Sci 45(3):227–23210.1007/BF01177730 ↗
35. Salimi A, Pourahmad J (2018) Chap. 16—role of natural compounds in prevention and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In: Watson RR, Preedy VR, Zibadi S (eds) Polyphenols: prevention and treatment of human disease, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 195–20310.1016/B978-0-12-813008-7.00016-3 ↗
36. Singh T, Singh AP (2012) A review on natural products as wood protectant. Wood Sci Technol 46:851–87010.1007/s00226-011-0448-5 ↗
37. Skadhauge B, Thomsen KK, Von Wettstein D (1997) The role of the barley testa layer and its flavonoid content in resistance to Fusarium infections. Hereditas 126:147–16010.1111/j.1601-5223.1997.00147.x ↗
38. Tascioglu C, Yalcin M, De Troya T, Sivrikaya H (2012) Termiticidal properties of some wood and bark exracts uses as wood preservatives. Bioresources 7:2960–296910.15376/biores.7.3.2960-2969 ↗
39. Temiz A, Terziev N, Jacobsen B, Eikenes M (2006) Weathering, water absorption, and durability of silicon, acetylated, and heat-treated wood. J Appl Polym Sci 102(5):4506–451310.1002/app.24878 ↗
40. Tomak ED, Gonultas O (2018) The wood preservative potentials of valonia, chestnut, tara and sulphited oak tannins. J Wood Chem Technol 38:183–19710.1080/02773813.2017.1418379 ↗
41. Tomak ED, Arican F, Gonultas O, Sam ED (2018a) Influence of tannin containing coatings on weathering resistance of wood: Water based transparent and opaque coatings. Polym Degrad Stab 151:152–15910.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.03.011 ↗
42. Tomak ED, Ustaomer D, Ermeydan MA, Yildiz S (2018b) An investigation of surface properties of thermally modified wood during natural weathering for 48 months. Measurement 127:187–19710.1016/j.measurement.2018.05.102 ↗
43. Treutter D (2006) Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance: a review. Environ Chem Lett 4:147–15710.1007/s10311-006-0068-8 ↗
44. Yamaguchi H, Okuda KI (1998) Chemically modified tannin and tannin-copper complexes as wood preservatives. Holzforschung 52:596–60210.1515/hfsg.1998.52.6.596 ↗
45. Yang R, Zhang J, Wang S, Mao H, Shi Y, Zhou D (2018) Effect of hydrophobic impregnation on mechanical properties of Chinese fir wood. BioResources 13(1):2035–2048
46. Zabel RA, Morrell JJ (1992) Wood microbiology: decay and its prevention. Academic Press Inc, London