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Small-scale cross-laminated timber panels: bending performance through analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches

Nicolle de Magalhães Branco, Thamires Alves da Silveira, Lucas Leal Agne, Maikson Luiz Passaia Tonatto et al.

Abstract Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product that has gained increasing attention in structural applications due to its sustainability and mechanical efficiency. In Brazil, however, experimental research on CLT remains limited, mainly because few laboratories are able to manufacture panels at the dimensions required by current testing standards. This stud…

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Effect of biological delignification with Phanerochaete chrysosporium on the densification and mechanical properties of poplar wood

Przemysław Mania, Carlo Kupfernagel, Christoph Scheffel, Paweł Kościuczyk

Abstract Biological pretreatment with Phanerochaete chrysosporium was evaluated as a route to facilitate thermo-mechanical densification of poplar. Twenty-four specimens were incubated for 16 weeks either with vermiculite (enhanced decay) or without, then hot-pressed radially from 25 mm to 8 mm, while maintaining a temperature of 120 °C. Vermiculite-assisted samples showed a mu…

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Discriminating tropical timber species using absorbance spectra and machine learning

Juan C. Valverde, Dagoberto Arias-Aguilar, Nelson Zamora-Villalobos, Marvin Castillo-Ugalde et al.

Abstract Reliable and rapid identification of tropical timber is essential for protecting threatened species, deterring illegal logging, and strengthening supply-chain control. This study evaluated four supervised classification models for discriminating against fifteen tropical timber species. Absorbance spectra from 400 to 2500 nm were measured on wood surfaces and preprocess…

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Bonding-slip performance of bamboo scrimber components with embedded steel plates

Yan Zhao, Jianfeng Deng, Xiong Xie, Yuhan Zhao et al.

Abstract To investigate the bonding-slip performance of embedded steel plates bamboo scrimber components. A total of 18 specimens were tested under axial tension across six different conditions. The failure phenomena were categorized into two types: direct pull-out failure and pull-out failure of the steel plates after the bamboo scrimber cracks, the latter exclusively occurred…

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Towards standards-aligned round-timber grading: validation of a semantic segmentation dataset

Lukas Bednar, Filip Hendrichovsky, Alice Motschi, Daniel Soukup et al.

Abstract Manual grading of round timber is time-consuming and inconsistent, while many automated systems still output opaque quality labels that are difficult to verify against European standards. We present and validate a standards-aligned semantic segmentation dataset of spruce ( Picea abies ) logs designed to support transparent, rule-based grading. Using close-range photogr…

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Effect of commercial fire retardants on the performance of particleboards bonded with pMDI

Jakub Kawalerczyk, Maciej Hoffmann, Dorota Dukarska, Andrea Majlingová et al.

Abstract Considering the increasing fire safety requirements for wood-based materials and the limited knowledge on the bonding of impregnated particles with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI), this study evaluated the performance of particleboards produced from fire retardant-treated wood particles bonded with different pMDI contents (2 and 4%). Wood particles wer…

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Withdrawal behaviour of self-tapping timber screws under cyclic loads

Moritz Tronnier, Mike Sieder

Abstract While the quasistatic behaviour of self-tapping timber screws has been extensively studied, their fatigue behaviour is still not well understood. Consequently, no design rules are available. In this study, 170 quasistatic and 213 cyclic withdrawal tests were conducted to investigate the fatigue behaviour of three screw types at two angles-to-grain ( $$\alpha = 90^\circ…

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Effect of moisture content, surface preparation and lamellae orientation on Mode II strain energy release rate of polyurethane-bonded beech wood

Martin Capuder, Boris Azinović, Miran Merhar, Aleš Straže

Abstract Understanding the Mode II fracture behavior of adhesive joints in hardwood species is essential for reliable structural design in timber engineering. This study investigates the shear fracture energy (G II ) of polyurethane (PUR)-bonded European beech wood ( Fagus sylvatica L.) under two different moisture contents. Three-point bending end-notched flexure (3ENF) tes…

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Plasma-assisted enhancement of adhesion strength between alder veneer and thermoplastic LDPE film in veneer-based composites

Jozef Ráheľ, Tomáš Pipíška, Pavlo Bekhta, Barbora Mayer et al.

Abstract The inherently weak adhesion between hydrophobic thermoplastics and hydrophilic wood remains a key limitation in thermoplastic‑bonded wood composites. This study investigates atmospheric air plasma treatment as a dry and scalable surface activation method to improve bonding between a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film and alder veneer in plywood composites. To ensure…

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Bond performance development of lab-scale oriented strand lumber panels with pressing time and its comparison with ABES results

Andrej Fašalek, Lukas Malzl, Johannes Konnerth, Hendrikus W. G. van Herwijnen et al.

Abstract A small-scale test for evaluating the cohesive strength development of adhesives, such as ASTM D7998-15, using the Automated Bonding Evaluation System (ABES), is often used in the development of wood-based panels and their adhesives. However, ABES results are not always directly transferable to panel performance, which may be particularly challenging for isocyanate adh…

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Tensile strength prediction of Norway spruce boards processed from recovered wood: performance of visual and machine grading

Florian Scharpenack, Andriy Kovryga, Ani Khaloian Sarnaghi, Jan-Willem van de Kuilen

Abstract Biotic and abiotic climate stressors jeopardize Norway spruce stands, necessitating the evaluation of alternative pathways for structural timber. One promising alternative is the utilization of recovered wood. Dimensional irregularities and design requirements often render reuse infeasible, underscoring the need for processing. Processing corrects dimensional discrepan…

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Mapping and analysing wood flows across the Italian forest-based wood value chain: a material flows analysis

Muhammad Tayyab Khan, Mauro Masiero, Davide Pettenella, Nicola Andrighetto et al.

Abstract Understanding national wood flows is essential for assessing the sustainability and efficiency of a forest-based bioeconomy, as well as evaluating its possible impacts on decarbonization processes. This study develops a comprehensive material flow analysis model for Italy’s forest-wood sector in 2018 using the Italian Lumber Exchange (ILEX) model, by integrating a wide…

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Optical surface degradation of selected wood-based furniture materials under microscratch abrasion

Hilal Ulaşan, Yasemin Öztürk, Cevdet Söğütlü, Hasan Aksu

Abstract This study investigates the gloss change behavior of different furniture surface types subjected to microscratch abrasion using Martindale Procedures A and B in accordance with EN 16611:2023. Six surface groups, including a matte white (melamine-faced particleboard) panel and five decorative surface-coated wood-based panels (cream and brown melamine-faced panels, gloss…

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