journal article·2024-04Open access

Managing the lifecycle of perovskite solar cells: Addressing stability and environmental concerns from utilization to end-of-life

Hee Jung Kim, Gill Sang Han, Hyun Suk Jung

eScience· Volume 4· Issue 2

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown remarkable advancements and achieved impressive power conversion efficiencies since their initial introduction in 2012. However, challenges regarding stability, quality, and sustainability must be addressed for their successful commercial use. This review analyses the recent studies and challenges related to the operating life and end-of-life utilization of PSCs. Strategies to enhance the stability and mitigate the toxic Pb leakage in operational and recycling approaches of discarded PSCs post their end-of-life are examined to establish a viable and sustainable PSC industry. Additionally, future research directions are proposed for the advancements in the PSC industry. The goal is to ensure high efficiency as well as economic and environmental sustainability throughout the lifecycle of PSCs.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Lead iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%10.1038/srep00591 ↗
2. Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html.
3. Addressing the stability issue of perovskite solar cells for commercial applications10.1038/s41467-018-07255-1 ↗
4. One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering10.1038/ncomms15684 ↗
5. Toward commercialization with lightweight, flexible perovskite solar cells for residential photovoltaics10.1016/j.joule.2022.12.012 ↗
6. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of encapsulated stable perovskite solar cells10.1126/science.aba2412 ↗
7. The end-of-life of perovskite PV10.1016/j.joule.2017.07.013 ↗
8. Life cycle assessment of recycling strategies for perovskite photovoltaic modules10.1038/s41893-021-00737-z ↗
9. Impact of monovalent cation halide additives on the structural and optoelectronic properties of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite10.1002/aenm.201502472 ↗
10. Optimal interfacial band bending achieved by fine energy level tuning in mixed-halide perovskite solar cells10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02044 ↗
11. First principle-based calculations of the optoelectronic features of 2 x 2 x 2 CsPb(I1-xBrx)3 perovskite10.1016/j.spmi.2020.106474 ↗
12. Perovskite solar cells with atomically coherent interlayers on SnO2 electrodes10.1038/s41586-021-03964-8 ↗
13. Inactive (PbI2)2RbCl stabilizes perovskite films for efficient solar cells10.1126/science.abp8873 ↗
14. Environmentally viable solvent management in perovskite solar cellrecycling process10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01542 ↗
15. Controlled growth of perovskite layers with volatile alkylammonium chlorides10.1038/s41586-023-05825-y ↗
16. Universal passivation strategy to slot-die printed SnO2 for hysteresis-free efficient flexible perovskite solar module10.1038/s41467-018-07099-9 ↗
17. Enhanced efficiency and stability of n-i-p perovskite solar cells by incorporation of fluorinated graphene in the spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer10.1002/aenm.202201344 ↗
18. Constructing heterojunctions by surface sulfidation for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells10.1126/science.abl5676 ↗
19. Quantum-size-tuned heterostructures enable efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells10.1038/s41566-022-00985-1 ↗
20. Rational design of Lewis base molecules for stable and efficient inverted perovskite solar cells10.1126/science.ade3970 ↗
21. Material and device stability in perovskite solar cells10.1002/cssc.201600915 ↗
22. Pushing commercialization of perovskite solar cells by improving their intrinsic stability10.1039/D1EE00493J ↗
23. Defect healing in FAPb(I1-xBrx)3 perovskites: multifunctional fluorinated sulfonate surfactant anchoring enables > 21% modules with improved operation stability
24. High-performance multilayer encapsulation for perovskite photovoltaics10.1002/aenm.201801234 ↗
25. Silver iodide formation in methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with silver top electrodes10.1002/admi.201500195 ↗
26. Probing the stability of perovskite solar cell under working condition through an ultra-thin silver electrode: beyond the halide ion diffusion and metal diffusion10.1016/j.cej.2023.141405 ↗
27. Not all that glitters is gold: metal-migration-induced degradation in perovskite solar cells10.1021/acsnano.6b02613 ↗
28. Light-induced reactivity of gold and hybrid perovskite as a new possible degradation mechanism in perovskite solar cells10.1039/C7TA10217H ↗
29. Visualization and suppression of interfacial recombination for high-efficiency large-area pin perovskite solar cells10.1038/s41560-018-0219-8 ↗
30. Non-precious transition metals as counter electrode of perovskite solar cells
31. Highly efficient perovskite solar cells based on mechanically durable molybdenum cathode10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.07.025 ↗
32. Blading phase-pure formamidinium-alloyed perovskites for high-efficiency solar cells with low photovoltage deficit and improved stability10.1002/adma.202000995 ↗
33. Reducing surface halide deficiency for efficient and stable iodide-based perovskite solar cells10.1021/jacs.9b13418 ↗
34. A study on utilizing different metals as the back contact of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells10.1039/C6TA05938D ↗
35. Balancing energy-level difference for efficient nip perovskite solar cells with Cu electrode10.34133/2022/9781073 ↗
36. Is Cu a stable electrode material in hybrid perovskite solar cells for a 30-year lifetime?10.1039/C6EE02980A ↗
37. Enhancing fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell performance using integrated metallic grids to improve carbon electrode conductivity10.1016/j.cap.2020.02.009 ↗
38. Perovskite solar cells with carbon-based electrodes–quantification of losses and strategies to overcome them10.1002/aenm.202103128 ↗
39. High-performance hole conductor-free perovskite solar cell using a carbon nanotube counter electrode10.1039/D0RA05975G ↗
40. Enhanced energy level alignment and hole extraction of carbon electrode for air-stable hole-transporting material-free CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110267 ↗
41. Greatly enhanced power conversion efficiency of hole-transport-layer-free perovskite solar cell via coherent interfaces of perovskite and carbon layers10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105110 ↗
42. Carbon electrode engineering for high efficiency all-inorganic perovskite solar cells10.1039/D0RA00288G ↗
43. Carbon-based HTL-free modular perovskite solar cells with improved contact at perovskite/carbon interfaces10.1039/D0TC02226H ↗
44. Efficient, stable, and fully printed carbon-electrode perovskite solar cells enabled by hole-transporting bilayers10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.005 ↗
45. Metal electrode–free perovskite solar cells with transfer-laminated conducting polymer electrode10.1364/OE.23.000A83 ↗
46. Flexibly assembled and readily detachable photovoltaics10.1039/C7EE01889D ↗
47. Efficient CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/fullerene planar heterojunction hybrid solar cells with oxidized Ni/Au/Cu transparent electrode10.1063/1.5006513 ↗
48. Influence of electrode interfaces on the stability of perovskite solar cells: reduced degradation using MoOx/Al for hole collection10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00013 ↗
49. Tuning an electrode work function using organometallic complexes in inverted perovskite solar cells10.1021/jacs.1c02118 ↗
50. Insights into the influence of work functions of cathodes on efficiencies of perovskite solar cells10.1002/smll.201700007 ↗
51. Density functional theory analysis of structural and electronic properties of orthorhombic perovskite CH3NH3PbI310.1039/C3CP54479F ↗
52. Ionic reactivity at contacts and aging of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells10.1002/aenm.201502246 ↗
53. Mitigating the lead leakage of high-performance perovskite solar cells via in situ polymerized networks10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01487 ↗
54. Lead leakage preventable fullerene-porphyrin dyad for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
55. Dual functions of performance improvement and lead leakage mitigation of perovskite solar cells enabled by phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid10.1002/smtd.202101257 ↗
56. All-in-one lewis base for enhanced precursor and device stability in highly efficient perovskite solar cells10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01465 ↗
57. Moisture-preventing MAPbI3 solar cells with high photovoltaic performance via multiple ligand engineering10.1007/s12274-021-3673-8 ↗
58. Polyacrylic acid grafted carbon nanotubes for immobilization of lead(II) in perovskite solar cell10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00644 ↗
59. Deep defect passivation and shallow vacancy repair via an ionic silicone polymer toward highly stable inverted perovskite solar cells10.1039/D2EE02227C ↗
60. Defect passivation via a multifunctional organic additive toward efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells10.1039/D3CC01002C ↗
61. Lead fixation by spider web-like porphyrin polymer for stable and clean perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.cej.2021.132405 ↗
62. Environmental-friendly polymer for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells with mitigating lead leakage10.1002/adfm.202201036 ↗
63. Multistrategy preparation of efficient and stable environment-friendly lead-based perovskite solar cells10.1021/acsami.2c06032 ↗
64. Design of superhydrophobic surfaces for stable perovskite solar cells with reducing lead leakage10.1002/aenm.202102281 ↗
65. Dithiol surface treatment towards improved charge transfer dynamic and reduced lead leakage in lead halide perovskite solar cells10.1002/eom2.12185 ↗
66. A Biomimetic self-shield interface for flexible perovskite solar cells with negligible lead leakage10.1002/adfm.202106460 ↗
67. Photoinduced cross linkable polymerization of flexible perovskite solar cells and modules by incorporating benzyl acrylate10.1002/adfm.202202408 ↗
68. Multifunctional two-dimensional benzodifuran-based polymer for eco-friendly perovskite solar cells featuring high stability10.1021/acsami.2c09607 ↗
69. Bifunctional modified biopolymer for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells and modules10.1016/j.cej.2023.141699 ↗
70. An internal encapsulating layer for efficient, stable, repairable and low-lead-leakage perovskite solar cells10.1039/D2EE01016J ↗
71. Ionic-liquid-perovskite capping layer for stable 24.33%-efficient solar cell
72. In situ formation of Imidazole-based 2D interlayer for efficient perovskite solar cells and modules10.1002/er.8243 ↗
73. Tuning structural isomers of phenylenediammonium to afford efficient and stable perovskite solar cells and modules10.1038/s41467-021-26754-2 ↗
74. Toward efficient, moisture-resistant and lead-leakproofness perovskite solar cells: coordination-driven reconstructing homogeneous amorphous perovskitoid/crystalline perovskite photoabsorber10.1016/j.cej.2021.132528 ↗
75. Multi-functional buried interface engineering derived from in-situ-formed 2D perovskites using π-conjugated liquid-crystalline molecule with aggregation-induced emission for efficient and stable NiOx-based inverted perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.cej.2023.143789 ↗
76. Ion-migration inhibition by the cation–π interaction in perovskite materials for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells10.1002/adma.201707583 ↗
77. Structural and thermal properties in formamidinium and Cs-mixed lead halides10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02750 ↗
78. Synthesis of mesoscale ordered two-dimensional π-conjugated polymers with semiconducting properties10.1038/s41563-020-0682-z ↗
79. Solution-processable, crystalline π-conjugated two-dimensional polymers with high charge carrier mobility10.1016/j.chempr.2020.05.026 ↗
80. Efficient perovskite solar cells by reducing interface-mediated recombination: a bulky amine approach10.1002/aenm.202000197 ↗
81. Origin of efficiency and stability enhancement in high-performing mixed dimensional 2D-3D perovskite solar cells: a review10.1002/adfm.202009164 ↗
82. Engineering stress in perovskite solar cells to improve stability
83. Improved absorber phase stability, performance, and lifetime in inorganic perovskite solar cells with alkyltrimethoxysilane strain-release layers at the perovskite/TiO2 interface10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01610 ↗
84. TiO2 surface oxygen vacancy passivation towards mitigated interfacial lattice distortion and efficient perovskite solar cell10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148583 ↗
85. Interfacial strain release from the WS2/CsPbBr3 van der Waals heterostructure for 1.7 V voltage all-inorganic perovskite solar cells10.1002/anie.202010252 ↗
86. In situ polymerization of cross-linked perovskite–polymer composites for highly stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
87. Overcoming ultraviolet light instability of sensitized TiO2 with meso-superstructured organometal tri-halide perovskite solar cells10.1038/ncomms3885 ↗
88. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells10.1038/nature12340 ↗
89. Encapsulation for long-term stability enhancement of perovskite solar cells10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.09.041 ↗
90. Free volume and mass transport in polymer nanocomposites10.1016/j.cocis.2012.01.004 ↗
91. Enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells with a multilayer thin-film barrier10.1021/acsaem.2c03298 ↗
92. Design of a flexible thin-film encapsulant with sandwich structures of perhydropolysilazane layers10.1021/acsami.2c06699 ↗
93. Interfacial engineering in solution processing of silicon-based hybrid multilayer for high performance thin film encapsulation10.1021/acsami.9b14994 ↗
94. Optical and water-repellent characteristics of an anti-reflection protection layer for perovskite solar cells fabricated in ambient air10.1016/j.energy.2020.118582 ↗
95. Improving efficiency and stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells by a multifunctional triple-layer system: antireflective, UV-protective, superhydrophobic, and self-cleaning10.1002/solr.202000491 ↗
96. Highly efficient and stable flexible perovskite solar cells enabled by using plasma-polymerized-fluorocarbon antireflection layer10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105737 ↗
97. An effective encapsulation for perovskite solar cells based on building-integrated photovoltaics10.1039/D2TC01696F ↗
98. Preventing lead leakage with built-in resin layers for sustainable perovskite solar cells10.1038/s41893-021-00701-x ↗
99. On-device lead sequestration for perovskite solar cells10.1038/s41586-020-2001-x ↗
100. Reduction of lead leakage from damaged lead halide perovskite solar modules using self-healing polymer-based encapsulation10.1038/s41560-019-0406-2 ↗