First Nerve‐Related Immunoprobe for Guidance of Renal Denervation through Colocalization of NIR‐II and Photoacoustic Bioimaging

Abstract Nerve‐related fluorophores generally locate in the visible or near‐infrared region with shallow penetration depth and easy uptake by surrounding tissues. Prolonging the optical window promotes resolution by minimizing photoscattering and eliminating autofluorescence for NIR‐II (second near infrared; 1000–1700 nm) and photoacoustic bioimaging. In addition, combination of the two could help in colocalization of targets at the 3D level. Catheter‐based renal sympathetic denervation (RDN), an alternative treatment recently finishing its clinical evaluation for treating resistant hypertension, is highly dependent on experience and in urgent demand for in vivo guidance in locating the nerve over the renal artery. Here, an NIR‐II and photoacoustic bioimaging system based on a dye‐modified anti‐tyrosine‐hydroxylase antibody (TH‐ICGM) to illustrate the peritoneal sympathetic nerve‐related region are combined. With high resolution (0.15 mm) in NIR‐II region for both absorbance (λ_ex = 925 nm) and fluorescence (bioimaging in λ_em ≥ 1300 nm), TH‐ICGM succeeds in providing 3D coordinates of procedure position with a precision in 0.1 mm. As the first nerve‐related NIR‐II immunoprobe, TH‐ICGM has great clinical potential as assistance for nerve‐related interventions.