Liposome‐Indocyanine Green Nanoprobes for Optical Labeling and Tracking of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Post‐Transplantation In Vivo

Abstract Direct labeling of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) prior to transplantation provides a means to track cells after administration and it is a powerful tool for the assessment of new cell‐based therapies. Biocompatible nanoprobes consisting of liposome‐indocyanine green hybrid vesicles (liposome‐ICG) are used to safely label hMSC. Labeled hMSC recapitulating a 3D cellular environment is transplanted as spheroids subcutaneously and intracranially in athymic nude mice. Cells emit a strong NIR signal used for tracking post‐transplantation with the IVIS imaging system up to 2 weeks (subcutaneous) and 1 week (intracranial). The transplanted stem cells are imaged in situ after engraftment deep in the brain up to 1 week in living animals using optical imaging techniques and without the need to genetically modify the cells. This method is proposed for efficient, nontoxic direct cell labeling for the preclinical assessment of cell‐based therapies and the design of clinical trials, and potentially for localization of the cell engraftment after transplantation into patients.