Generation of Alveolar Epithelium Using Reconstituted Basement Membrane and hiPSC‐Derived Organoids

Abstract In vitro modeling of alveolar epithelium needs to recapitulate features of both cellular and noncellular components of the lung tissues. Herein, a method is presented to generate alveolar epithelium by using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and reconstituted or artificial basement membrane (ABM). The ABM is obtained by self‐assembling type IV collagen and laminin with a monolayer of crosslinked gelatin nanofibers as backbone and a patterned honeycomb microframe for handling. Alveolar organoids are obtained from hiPSCs and then dissociated into single cells. After replating the alveolar cells on the ABM and a short‐period incubation under submerged and air–liquid interface culture conditions, an alveolar epithelium is achieved, showing high‐level expressions of both alveolar cell‐specific proteins and characteristic tight junctions. Besides, endothelial cells derived from the same hiPSCs are cocultured on the backside of the epithelium, forming an air–blood barrier. The method is generic and can potentially be applied to other types of artificial epithelium and endothelium.