Automated Expansion of Primary Human T Cells in Scalable and Cell‐Friendly Hydrogel Microtubes for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Abstract Adoptive immunotherapy is a highly effective strategy for treating many human cancers, such as melanoma, cervical cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia. Here, a novel cell culture technology is reported for expanding primary human T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. T cells are suspended and cultured in microscale alginate hydrogel tubes (AlgTubes) that are suspended in the cell culture medium in a culture vessel. The hydrogel tubes protect cells from hydrodynamic stresses and confine the cell mass less than 400 µm (in radial diameter) to ensure efficient mass transport, creating a cell‐friendly microenvironment for growing T cells. This system is simple, scalable, highly efficient, defined, cost‐effective, and compatible with current good manufacturing practices. Under optimized culture conditions, the AlgTubes enable culturing T cells with high cell viability, low DNA damage, high growth rate (≈320‐fold expansion over 14 days), high purity (≈98% CD3+), and high yield (≈3.2 × 10⁸ cells mL⁻¹ hydrogel). All offer considerable advantages compared to current T cell culturing approaches. This new culture technology can significantly reduce the culture volume, time, and cost, while increasing the production.