Numerical study of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow over a porous surface under convective heating and zero mass flux conditions
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract This work examines magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a nanoliquid through on a porous surface. The mathematical model includes the collective effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion to accurately describe nanoparticle behavior. It further analyzes the effect of Arrhenius activation energy on chemically reactive species. The flow is administrated by a convective heating condition, while the concentration field is subjected to a physically realistic zero mass flux condition. The bvp4c approach is used in this work to solve the modeled equations in dimension-free form. It is revealed as outcomes of this work that, for augmentation in magnetic factor, inter-particle spacing and porosity factor there is lessening in primary and secondary flows. Both the velocities augmented with progression in radius of nanoparticles. Thermal profiles augmented with growth in thermal Biot number, and magnetic factor while declined with augmentation in thermal relaxation time factor. Concentration panels augmented with progression in thermophoresis factor and activation energy factor while weakened with augmentation in Schmidt number and Brownian motion factor. A comparative analysis with established results confirms the accuracy and validity of the present model. The close agreement between our numerical outputs and the published data verifies the correctness of the solution methodology and the physical consistency of the formulated problem. This study demonstrates that the simultaneous adjustment of inter-particle spacing and nanoparticle size provides a strategic approach for enhancing thermal performance relative to pumping in nanofluid-based systems, with immediate ramifications for the design of advanced microelectronics coolants and magnetically guided delivery platforms.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer · Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media · Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (42)
Show source-provided references
1. Choi SU. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. In: ASME international mechanical engineering congress and exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 1995, November. vol. 17421, pp. 99–105.10.1115/IMECE1995-0926 ↗
2. Mondal SK, Pal D. Significance of binary chemical reaction with activation energy in magneto-bioconvection flow of a Powell Eyring nanofluid past an inclined stretching sheet by considering temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. Int J Model Simul. 2025;45(3):1041–59.
3. Nazari NL, Ishak A, Khan U, Zaib A, Hussain SM, Elattar S. The implication of thermal radiation in a mixed convection hybrid nanofluid flow past an inclined stretching/shrinking sheet with mass suction. J Radiat Res Appl Sci. 2025;18(2):101420.
4. Mondal SK, Pal D. Influence of activation energy and variable thermal conductivity on magneto-convective nonlinear thermo-radiative Casson nanofluid containing motile microorganisms over a sinusoidal surface. Numer Heat Transfer A Appl. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2024.2376312.10.1080/10407782.2024.2376312 ↗
5. Ragavi M, Poornima T, Sreenivasulu P. Transient flow and heat transfer of CuO–Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow over a radially stretching surface with dissipation and Ohmic heating. Discover Nano. 2026;21(1):77.10.1186/s11671-026-04462-4 ↗
6. Khan U, Zaib A, Ishak A, Ghodhbani R, Elkamchouchi DH. Insight into the hydrothermal performance for buoyancy flow of a micropolar nanofluid past a stretching/shrinking sheet with viscous dissipation effects. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2025;150(10):8043–58.10.1007/s10973-025-14217-5 ↗
7. Yaseen M, Rawat SK, Khan U, Sarris IE, Khan H, Negi AS, et al. Computational analysis of heat and mass transfer flow of wall jet hybrid nanofluid with irregular heat source/sink effects and waste discharge concentration. J Magn Magn Mater. 2023;588:171434.10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171434 ↗
8. Ahmad S, Ali K, Sultan HH, Khalid F, Junjua MUD, Rashid FL, et al. A breakthrough in penta-hybrid nanofluid flow modeling for heat transfer enhancement in a spatially dependent magnetic field: machine learning approach. Int J Thermophys. 2025;46(1):2.10.1007/s10765-024-03467-4 ↗
9. Pal D, Chatterjee D, Mondal SK. Heat and mass transfer in thin nanoliquid film over an unsteady stretching sheet in a porous medium with chemical reaction and thermal radiation. Int J Ambient Energy. 2022;43(1):845–52.10.1080/01430750.2019.1676308 ↗
10. Luo M, Su X, Kazemi E, Jin X, Khayyer A. Review of smoothed particle hydrodynamics modeling of fluid flows in porous media with a focus on hydraulic, coastal, and ocean engineering applications. Phys Fluids. 2025;37(2):021303.10.1063/5.0252125 ↗
11. Shah SS, Raza A, Shah SH. Exact formulation and solution of micropolar fluid dynamics in radiative and slip-influenced porous surface. Chin J Phys. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2025.06.014.10.1016/j.cjph.2025.06.014 ↗
12. Algehyne EA, Alatawi A, Alharbi WG, Alzubaidi MM, Khan A, Younis J. Joule heating and dissipation effects on thermal analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow between unevenly spinning plates saturated with variable porous medium. AIP Adv. 2025;15(11):115234.10.1063/5.0305315 ↗
13. Prakash J, Tripathi D. Melting heat transfer in electroosmotic augmented stagnation point flow of a micropolar fluid over stretching porous sheet. Numer Heat Transfer A Appl. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2025.2521423.10.1080/10407782.2025.2521423 ↗
14. Sreenivasulu P, Bilal S, Poornima T. Thermal performance of a micropolar fluid flowing around a vertical cone with consideration of spatially varying heat source. Case Stud Therm Eng. 2025;65:105576.10.1016/j.csite.2024.105576 ↗
15. Ashfaq M, Hajlaoui K, El Glili I, Foukhari Y, Arif M, Alrasheedi NH, et al. Heat and mass transfer analysis of MHD boundary layer flow with motile microorganisms over porous surfaces under variable wall thermal conditions. Thermal Sci Eng Prog. 2025;66:104056.10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104056 ↗
16. Ahmadi Azar A, Jalili P, Jalili B, Ganji DD. The comprehensive analysis of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow with rectangular porous medium through expanding/contracting channel. Multidiscip Model Mater Struct. 2025;21(1):68–97.10.1108/MMMS-07-2024-0179 ↗
17. Poornima T, Sreenivasulu P, Chamkha AJ. Activation energy-coupled entropy generation in radiative MHD nanofluid flow through porous media over a moving wedge. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2025;150:1–24.10.1007/s10973-025-15010-0 ↗
18. Lone SA, Raizah Z, Bossly R, Alduais FS, Al-Bossly A, Khan A. Thermal investigation of water-based radiative magnetized micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow subject to impacts of the Cattaneo–Christov flux model on a variable porous stretching sheet with a machine learning approach. Chin Phys B. 2025;34(6):064401.10.1088/1674-1056/adc65e ↗
19. Sreenivasulu P, Poornima T, Subbarao A, Bég TA, Bég OA, Kadir A. Computational study of radiative magnetohydrodynamic non-Newtonian MgO-TiO2-CH3OH hybrid nanofluid transport from a stretching substrate: nano-cosmetic manufacturing simulation. Proc Inst Mech Eng N J Nanomater Nanoeng Nanosyst. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/23977914251349271.10.1177/23977914251349271 ↗
20. Ragavi M, Poornima T, Sreenivasulu P. Analyzing heat and mass transfer in an unsteady MHD Williamson nanofluid flow within a porous matrix: numerical and statistical investigation. In: Advances in computational fluid dynamics. CRC Press; 2025. p. 277–306.10.1201/9781003611820-16 ↗
21. Lakshmi MP, Reddy NB, Poornima T. MHD boundary layer flow of heat and mass transfer over a moving vertical plate in a porous medium with suction and viscous dissipation. Int J Eng Res Appl (IJERA). 2012;2(5):149–59.
22. Ganji DD, Mahboobtosi M, Chari FN. Investigation of time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of compressed penta-hybrid nanofluids: biomedical applications. J Radiat Res Appl Sci. 2025;18(4):101915.
23. Zeeshan A, Ellahi R, Khan MI, Tariq S, Sait SM. Artificial neural network based computational evaluation of bioconvective gyrotactic microorganisms wedge flow of MHD Carreau fluid with thermal radiations. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow. 2025;35(11):4199–223.10.1108/HFF-06-2025-0387 ↗
24. Vinothkumar B, Sreenivasulu P, Poornima T. Investigation of thermal transport enhancement and flow dynamics in biocompatible Au–Ag/blood Casson hybrid nanofluid subject to magnetohydrodynamic force and surface slip on a vertical cone. Results Eng. 2025;28:107074.10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107074 ↗
25. Mondal SK, Pal D. Entropy optimization and heat transfer analysis of magneto-bioconvective Powell eyring nanofluid with nonlinear thermal radiation and chemical reaction over a stretching sheet. J Nanofluids. 2022;11(6):996–1008.10.1166/jon.2022.1886 ↗
26. Muhammad K, Sarfraz M, Alrihieli HF, Elseesy IE. Significance of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis in energy and mass optimization for Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid flow. Case Stud Thermal Eng. 2025;72:106365.10.1016/j.csite.2025.106365 ↗
27. Rajkumar D, Reddy AS, Govindarajalu K, Vajravelu K, Thamizharasan T, Jagadeshkumar K. Magnetohydrodynamic micropolar nanofluid flow with pulsation in a vertical permeable channel with Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and thermal radiation: a Buongiorno model approach. Phys Scr. 2024;100(1):015205.10.1088/1402-4896/ad9421 ↗
28. Lin B, Ali AB, Babadoust S, Al-Zahy YMA, Castaneda JLY, Abdullaeva B, et al. Investigating the effect of volume fraction on Brownian displacement, thermophoresis, and thermal behavior of graphene/water nanofluid by molecular dynamics simulation. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2025;162:108648.10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108648 ↗
29. Taha T, Abdal S, Ali L, Zulqarnain RM, Yook SJ. Artificial intelligence approach to magnetohydrodynamic flow of non-Newtonian fluids over a wedge: thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. Eng Sci Technol Int J. 2025;66:102071.
30. Rasool G, Islam S, Hussain S, Sun T. Parametric analysis of heat and mass transfer in nanofluid flow through a porous channel with Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Int J Thermo-Fluid Syst Sustain Energy. 2025;1(1):16–29.10.62762/IJTSSE.2025.261546 ↗
31. Swami S, Biradar S, Gubari MQ, Samrat SP, Tawade JV, Kulkarni N, et al. Heat transfer mechanism for Newtonian and non-Newtonian Casson hybrid nanofluid subject to thermophoresis and Brownian motion over a movable wedge surface. Multiscale Multidiscip Model Exp Design. 2025;8(1):121.10.1007/s41939-024-00704-z ↗
32. Varshegaa S, Ragulkumar E, Peter F, Loganathan K, Sambath P. Thermal and mass transfer performance of non-Newtonian fluids under MHD and chemical reaction effects with thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Disc Appl Sci. 2025;7(7):748.10.1007/s42452-025-07369-4 ↗
33. Shaheen S, Mahmood T, Raja MAZ, Al-Yarimi FA, Arain MB, Hu J. Machine learning-based investigation of activation energy for bio-convective boundary layer flow inspired by challenges in aerospace heat transfer systems. Eng Appl Artif Intell. 2025;160:111917.10.1016/j.engappai.2025.111917 ↗
34. Abbas M, Alotaibi H, Muhammad T, Ghazi HM. A computational framework to explore the impact of heat generation and activation energy on Marangoni convective stagnation point flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid. Adv Mech Eng. 2024;16(12):16878132241304602.10.1177/16878132241304602 ↗
35. Shahid A, Wei W, Abbas T, Bhatti MM, Zeeshan A, Javid K. Numerical spectral approach for studying activation energy behavior in viscoelastic fluid flow through non-Darcian medium. Numer Heat Transf A Appl. 2025;86(18):6349–63.10.1080/10407782.2024.2343030 ↗
36. Eldabe NT, Abuiyada AJ. Activation energy effect on magnetohydrodynamics Jeffery nanofluid flow due to motile cilia in a symmetric channel with modified Darcy’s law. Int J Ambient Energy. 2025;46(1):2487055.10.1080/01430750.2025.2487055 ↗
37. Khouqeer GA, Haq F, Rahman MU, Sallah M. An investigation of thermo-bioconvective ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over rotating disk subject to activation energy. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2025;150(18):14673–85.10.1007/s10973-025-14495-z ↗
38. Wantao J, Raza Q, Ghazwani HA, Younis J. Activation energy effects on heat and mass transfer in MHD flow of tri-hybrid nanofluids over orthogonal porous disks with variable geometry. Case Stud Thermal Eng. 2025;75:107008.10.1016/j.csite.2025.107008 ↗
39. Thumma T, Mishra SR, Pattnaik PK, Reddy CA. Exploring MHD radiative Maxwell nanofluid flow on an expanding surface for the impact of activation energy associated with velocity slip and convective boundary conditions. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2025;150(5):3661–81.10.1007/s10973-024-13905-y ↗
40. Zhang T, Khan SU, Imran M, Tlili I, Waqas H, Ali N. Activation energy and thermal radiation aspects in bioconvection flow of rate-type nanoparticles configured by a stretching/shrinking disk. J Energy Resour Technol. 2020;142(11):112102.10.1115/1.4047249 ↗
41. Eswaramoorthi S, Bhuvaneswari M. Passive and active control on 3D convective flow of viscoelastic nanofluid with heat generation and convective heating. Front Mech Eng. 2019;5:36.10.3389/fmech.2019.00036 ↗
42. Das S, Pal TK, Jana RN, Giri B. Ascendancy of electromagnetic force and Hall currents on blood flow carrying Cu–Au NPs in a non-uniform endoscopic annulus having wall slip. Microvasc Res. 2021;138:104191.10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104191 ↗