Transient flow and heat transfer of CuO–Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow over a radially stretching surface with dissipation and ohmic heating
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Incorporating suction, ohmic heating, and viscous dissipation, over a stretching sheet is crucial for accurately modeling thermal and fluid flow behavior in engineering and industrial applications. This study explores a hybrid nanofluid (CuO–Al 2 O 3 /H 2 O) transient thermal and flow characteristics as it flows over a radial stretching surface subjected to suction and viscous dissipation. The governing equations for momentum and energy are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations by the application of suitable similarity transformations. The Keller box technique solves the differential equations, resulting in a robust numerical solution. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis is used to model the connections between the parameters statistically. The study reveals that suction and magnetic forces diminish the fluid flow profile, while the interplay between Eckert number and magnetic field intensity augments thermal distribution, leading to enhanced heat transfer efficiency. The tabular form illustrates the local variations in the friction factor and dimensionless temperature gradient based on different variables. The heat transfer behavior is notably affected by the Eckert number (0.1 ≤ E C ≤ 0.7), magnetic parameter (0.2 ≤ M g ≤ 0.8), unsteadiness parameter (0.1 ≤ A P ≤ 0.4), and suction parameter (0.3 ≤ S P ≤ 0.9). The findings of the current study were compared with earlier research, showing a high degree of correlation and supporting the validity of the present investigation. The multiple linear regression analysis shows substantial relationships between the parameters and the response variables, with high coefficients of determination (R 2 ). This model demonstrates superior thermal performance, making it highly suitable for practical applications such as heat exchangers, cooling technologies, and electronic thermal management. The magnetic field facilitates precise manipulation of fluid flow, while the synergistic effects of viscous dissipation and suction enhance thermal management and stability, resulting in optimized system performance and reduced operational expenditures.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer · Heat Transfer Mechanisms · Heat Transfer and Optimization
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (44)
Show source-provided references
1. Sakiadis BC. Boundary‐layer behavior on continuous solid surfaces: III. The boundary layer on a continuous cylindrical surface. AIChE J. 1961;7(3):467–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070325.10.1002/aic.690070325 ↗
2. Wang CY. Natural convection on a vertical radially stretching sheet. J Math Anal Appl. 2007;332(2):877–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.11.006.10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.11.006 ↗
3. Zaimi K, Ishak A, Pop I. Boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a nonlinearly permeable stretching/shrinking sheet in a nanofluid. Sci Rep. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04404.10.1038/srep04404 ↗
4. Sundar LS, Singh MK, Sousa ACM. Enhanced heat transfer and friction factor of MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluids. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2014;52:73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2014.01.012.10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2014.01.012 ↗
5. Devi SP, Devi SS. Numerical investigation of hydromagnetic hybrid Cu – Al2O3/water nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet with suction. Int J Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul. 2016;17(5):249–57. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2016-0037.10.1515/ijnsns-2016-0037 ↗
6. Hayat T, Nadeem S, Khan AU. Rotating flow of AG-Cuo/H2O hybrid nanofluid with radiation and partial slip boundary effects. Eur Phys J Es. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2018-11682-y.10.1140/epje/i2018-11682-y ↗
7. Waini I, Ishak A, Pop I. Hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer past a vertical thin needle with prescribed surface heat flux. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow. 2019;29(12):4875–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/hff-04-2019-0277.10.1108/hff-04-2019-0277 ↗
8. Dinarvand S, Nademi Rostami M, Dinarvand R, Pop I. Improvement of drug delivery micro-circulatory system with a novel pattern of Cuo-cu/blood hybrid nanofluid flow towards a porous stretching sheet. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow. 2019;29(11):4408–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/hff-01-2019-0083.10.1108/hff-01-2019-0083 ↗
9. Tassaddiq A, Khan S, Bilal M, Gul T, Mukhtar S, Shah Z, et al. Heat and mass transfer together with hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating disk. AIP Adv. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0010181.10.1063/5.0010181 ↗
10. Jamrus FN, Ishak A, Waini I, Khan U. Radiative influence on axisymmetric ternary hybrid nanofluid flow with convective boundary conditions over a nonlinearly permeable stretching/shrinking disk. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow. 2024;34(12):4333–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/hff-04-2024-0324.10.1108/hff-04-2024-0324 ↗
11. Panda S, Ontela S, Pattnaik PK, Mishra SR. Optimizing heat transfer rate with sensitivity analysis on nonlinear radiative hydromagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow considering catalytic effects and slip condition: Hamilton–crosser and Yamada–Ota modelling. ZAMM-J Appl Math Mech/Z Für Angew Math Und Mech. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.202301064.10.1002/zamm.202301064 ↗
12. Khan U, Zaib A, Waini I, Ishak A, Sherif E-SM, Xia W-F, et al. Impact of smoluchowski temperature and Maxwell velocity slip conditions on axisymmetric rotated flow of hybrid nanofluid past a porous moving rotating disk. Nanomaterials. 2022;12(2):276. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12020276.10.3390/nano12020276 ↗
13. Viharika JU, Mahendra DL, Ramanjini V, Khan U, Hussain SM. Irreversibility analysis for peristaltic transport flow of a phan–thien–tanner nanofluid past an asymmetric channel with Lorentz forces. ZAMM-J Appl Math Mech/Z Für Angew Math Und Mech. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.70040.10.1002/zamm.70040 ↗
14. Khan MN, Aldosari FM, Wang Z, Yasir M, Afikuzzaman M, Elseesy IE. Overview of solar thermal applications of heat exchangers with thermophysical features of hybrid nanomaterials. Nanoscale Adv. 2024;6(1):136–45. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3na00481c.10.1039/d3na00481c ↗
15. Salawu SO, Yusuf TA, Fatunmbi EO, Obalalu AM. Viscous heating of hybridized hydromagnetic MWCNTs-Fe3O4/water nanomaterial in a moving disk with non-uniform thermal model. Next Nanotechnol. 2025;7:100123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100123.10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100123 ↗
16. Ismail M, Gururaj DM. Numerical investigation on nonlinear radiative magneto hydrodynamics hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretching cylinder embedded in porous medium. J Nanofluids. 2023;12(3):809–18. https://doi.org/10.1166/jon.2023.1962.10.1166/jon.2023.1962 ↗
17. Jamshed W, Uma Devi S S, Safdar R, Redouane F, Nisar KS, Eid MR. Comprehensive analysis on copper-iron (II, III)/oxide-engine oil casson nanofluid flowing and thermal features in parabolic trough solar collector. J Taibah Univ Sci. 2021;15(1):619–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2021.1996114.10.1080/16583655.2021.1996114 ↗
18. Shahzad F, Jamshed W, Safdar R, Hussain SM, Nasir NA, Dhange M, et al. Thermal analysis characterisation of solar-powered ship using Oldroyd hybrid nanofluids in parabolic trough solar collector: an optimal thermal application. Nanotechnol Rev. 2022;11(1):2015–37. https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0108.10.1515/ntrev-2022-0108 ↗
19. Ragavi M, Poornima T. Enhanced heat transfer analysis on Ag-Al2O3/water hybrid magneto-convective nanoflow. Discover Nano. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-024-03975-0.10.1186/s11671-024-03975-0 ↗
20. Vinoth Kumar B, Poornima T. Analysis of Jeffrey fluid over a vertical porous plate in Keller box method. Multiscale Multidiscip Model Exp Des. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-025-00948-3.10.1007/s41939-025-00948-3 ↗
21. Shahzad F, Sagheer M, Hussain S. MHD tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with chemical reaction, viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects. AIP Adv. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054798.10.1063/1.5054798 ↗
22. Yasir M, Khan M, Alqahtani AS, Malik MY. Numerical study of axisymmetric hybrid nanofluid MgO-Ag/H2O flow with non-uniform heat source/sink. Alex Eng J. 2023;75:439–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.05.062.10.1016/j.aej.2023.05.062 ↗
23. Ur Rasheed H, AL-Zubaidi A, Islam S, Saleem S, Khan Z, Khan W. Effects of Joule heating and viscous dissipation on magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of Jeffrey nanofluid over a vertically stretching cylinder. Coatings. 2021;11(3):353. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030353.10.3390/coatings11030353 ↗
24. Yusuf TA, Salawu SO, Yusuff OMA, Ahmed OL. Entropy generation and energy efficiency analysis of MHD hybrid nanofluid flow near a rotating sphere: a methanol-based thermal transport study. Next Res. 2025;2(2):100339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100339.10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100339 ↗
25. Ragavi M, Sreenivasulu P, Poornima T. Joule heating and dissipation couple effects on magneto silver-graphene hybrid nanofluids upon radial stretching surface. Heliyon. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42172.10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42172 ↗
26. Jyothi K, Lingaswamy AP. Thermal behavior study of carbon nanofiber nanofluids and banana leaf nanofluids in a rotating disk flow. Theor Math Phys. 2025;223(3):926–34. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0040577925060054.10.1134/s0040577925060054 ↗
27. Yasir M, Qi H, Elseesy IE, Ahammad NA. Insight into heat transport exploration of rotating Darcy Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanofluid. Case Stud Therm Eng. 2025;69:105980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.105980.10.1016/j.csite.2025.105980 ↗
28. Ontela S, Pattnaik PK, Panda S, Mishra SR. Optimizing heat transfer rate and sensitivity analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow over a radiating sheet: applications in solar-powered charging stations. Numer Heat Transf B Fundam. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407790.2024.2341439.10.1080/10407790.2024.2341439 ↗
29. Faraz F, Haider S, Imran SM. Study of magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) impacts on an axisymmetric Casson nanofluid flow and heat transfer over unsteady radially stretching sheet. SN Appl Sci. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1785-5.10.1007/s42452-019-1785-5 ↗
30. Khashi’ie NS, Waini I, Arifin NM, Pop I. Dual solutions of unsteady two-dimensional electro-magneto-hydrodynamics (EMHD) axisymmetric stagnation-point flow of a hybrid nanofluid past a radially stretching/shrinking Riga surface with radiation effect. Int J Numer Meth Heat Fluid Flow. 2022;33(1):333–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/hff-04-2022-0225.10.1108/hff-04-2022-0225 ↗
31. Naseem T, Shahzad A, Sohail M, Askar S. Axisymmetric flow and heat transfer in TiO2/H2O nanofluid over a porous stretching-sheet with slip boundary conditions via a reliable computational strategy. Energies. 2023;16(2):681. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020681.10.3390/en16020681 ↗
32. Nihaal KM, Mahabaleshwar US, Joo SW. Darcy Forchhiemer imposed exponential heat source-sink and activation energy with the effects of bioconvection over radially stretching disc. Sci Rep. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58051-5.10.1038/s41598-024-58051-5 ↗
33. Ali S, Shaiq S, Shahzad A, Sohail M, Naseem T. Numerical thermal investigation of radiative magnetohydrodynamics axisymmetric Cu-Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow over an unsteady radially stretched surface. Int J Ambient Energy. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2024.2321210.10.1080/01430750.2024.2321210 ↗
34. Ahmed N, Saba F, Khan U, Mohyud-Din ST, Sherif E-SM, Khan I. Nonlinear thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects on a (Cu− CuO)/NaAlg hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretching curved surface. Processes. 2019;7(12):962. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7120962.10.3390/pr7120962 ↗
35. Shahzad A, Liaqat F, Ellahi Z, Sohail M, Ayub M, Ali MR. Thin film flow and heat transfer of Cu-nanofluids with slip and convective boundary condition over a stretching sheet. Sci Rep. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18049-3.10.1038/s41598-022-18049-3 ↗
36. Islam S, Rana BMJ, Parvez MS, Hossain MS, Rahman MM. Electroosmotic flow in ternary (TiO2-SiO2-Al2O3) blood-based Sutterby nanomaterials with bio-active mixers. Int J Thermofluids. 2023;18:100363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2023.100363.10.1016/j.ijft.2023.100363 ↗
37. Ramzan M, Kumam P, Lone SA, Seangwattana T, Saeed A, Galal AM. A theoretical analysis of the ternary hybrid nanofluid flows over a non-isothermal and non-isosolutal multiple geometries. Heliyon. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14875.10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14875 ↗
38. Famakinwa OA, Koriko OK, Adegbie KS. Effects of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation on time-dependent incompressible squeezing flow of CuO− Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid between two parallel plates with variable viscosity. J Comput Math Data Sci. 2022;5:100062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmds.2022.100062.10.1016/j.jcmds.2022.100062 ↗
39. Butt AS, Ali A, Mehmood A. Thermophysical effects of Cu and Ag nanoparticles on boundary layer slip flow over a convectively heated radially stretching surface. J Nanofluids. 2016;5(1):168–75. https://doi.org/10.1166/jon.2016.1195.10.1166/jon.2016.1195 ↗
40. Saini SK, Agrawal R, Kaswan P. Activation energy and convective heat transfer effects on the radiative Williamson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching surface containing Joule heating and viscous dissipation. Numer Heat Transf A Appl. 2023;85(15):2534–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2023.2226815.10.1080/10407782.2023.2226815 ↗
41. Neethu TS, Sabu AS, Mathew A, Wakif A, Areekara S. Multiple linear regression on bioconvective MHD hybrid nanofluid flow past an exponential stretching sheet with radiation and dissipation effects. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2022;135:106115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106115.10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106115 ↗
42. Revathi G, Sajja VS, Babu MJ, Srinivasa Babu KS, Suneel Kumar A, Raju CS, et al. Multiple linear regression analysis on the flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid by a quadratically radiated stretching surface with and second-order slip. Waves Random Complex Media. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2023.2181645.10.1080/17455030.2023.2181645 ↗
43. Bhargavi N, Poornima T. Radiative impact on jeffery trihybrid convective nanoflow over an extensible Riga plate: multiple linear regression analysis. Contemp Math. 2024. https://doi.org/10.37256/cm.5120244058.10.37256/cm.5120244058 ↗
44. Dinesh Kumar M, Ameer Ahammad N, Raju CSK, Yook S-J, Shah NA, Tag SM. Response surface methodology optimization of dynamical solutions of lie group analysis for Nonlinear Radiated Magnetized unsteady wedge: machine learning approach (gradient descent). Alexandria Eng J. 2023;74:29–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.05.009.10.1016/j.aej.2023.05.009 ↗