Experimental investigation and ANN modeling of thermo-hydraulic characteristics of GO nanofluid in a tube equipped with wire-coil inserts
Source abstract
Abstract
Heat transfer enhancement techniques play a crucial role in improving the thermal efficiency of heat exchangers while minimizing energy usage and operational expenses. In this study, the thermo-hydraulic performance of a circular tube equipped with wire-coil inserts and operating with graphene oxide (GO) nanofluid was predicted using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Experiments were conducted over a Reynolds number range of 5000-18,000 using GO nanofluid with weight concentrations of 0.025-0.1 wt% and wire-coil inserts having pitch-to-diameter ratios (P/D) of 1, 1.5, and 2. The experimental findings revealed that the combined use of GO nanofluid and wire-coil inserts significantly enhanced the Nusselt number, although it also resulted in an increase in the friction factor. At a GO concentration of 0.05 weight% and a P/D ratio of 1.5, the maximum Thermal Performance Factor of 1.21 was attained, signifying an ideal thermo-hydraulic balance. A feed-forward backpropagation ANN model was created with the Reynolds number, nanoparticle concentration, and P/D ratio as input parameters and the Nusselt number and friction factor as outputs in order to forecast system performance. The correctness and dependability of the suggested model were confirmed by the ANN predictions having outstanding agreement with the experimental findings.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer · Heat Transfer and Optimization · Heat Transfer Mechanisms
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (48)
Show source-provided references
1. Ayoob HW, Omar I, Ghanim WK, Fares MN, Fazilati MA, Salahshour S, Esmaeili S. The thermal–flow performance of water–Al₂O₃ nanofluid flow in an elliptical duct heat exchanger equipped with two rotating twisted tapes. Case Stud Chem Environ Eng. 2025;11:101094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101094.10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101094 ↗
2. Song J, Li L, Xu Z, Jiang W, Li Y, Yuan Q, Yang L, Li S, Jin X, Yuan J. Experimental study on enhanced heat transfer using TiO₂–ethylene glycol–water nanofluid in a double-pipe heat exchanger. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-025-15187-4.10.1007/s10973-025-15187-4 ↗
3. Rai R, Kumar V, Kumar V. Energy, exergy, and economic investigation of insert-assisted and ternary hybrid nanofluid-operated heat exchanger. J Enhanced Heat Transf. 2025;32(8):31–53. https://doi.org/10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.2025058806.10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.2025058806 ↗
4. Rai R, Kumar V, Sahoo RR. Energy, exergy-emission performance investigation of heat exchanger with turbulator inserts and ternary hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2024;149(9):3999–4017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12934-x.10.1007/s10973-024-12934-x ↗
5. Hussein DF, Alaiwi Y. Efficiency improvement of double pipe heat exchanger by using TiO₂/water nanofluid. CFD Lett. 2024;16(1):43–54. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.1.4354.10.37934/cfdl.16.1.4354 ↗
6. Hasan MF, Danışmaz M, Majel BM. Thermal performance investigation of double pipe heat exchanger embedded with extended surfaces using nanofluid technique as enhancement. Case Stud Therm Eng. 2023;43:102774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.102774.10.1016/j.csite.2023.102774 ↗
7. Hamza NFA, Aljabair S. Evaluation of thermal performance factor by hybrid nanofluid and twisted tape inserts in heat exchanger. Heliyon. 2022;8(12):e11950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11950.10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11950 ↗
8. Ghaderi A, Veysi F, Aminian S, Andami Z, Najafi MJ. Experimental and numerical study of thermal efficiency of helically coiled tube heat exchanger using ethylene glycol–distilled water-based Fe₃O₄ nanofluid. Int J Thermophys. 2022;43(8):118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-022-03041-w.10.1007/s10765-022-03041-w ↗
9. Hassaan AM. An experimental investigation for the use of multi-wall carbon nanotubes based on water nanofluid in a plate heat exchanger. Heat Transf Res. 2022;53(16):19–34. https://doi.org/10.1615/HeatTransRes.2022042147.10.1615/HeatTransRes.2022042147 ↗
10. Sundar LS, Venkata RA. Enhanced effectiveness and thermal performance factor of nickel nanofluid flow in a plate heat exchanger. J Enhanced Heat Transf. 2022;29(6):61–92. https://doi.org/10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.2022042306.10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.2022042306 ↗
11. Kundan L, Darshan MB. Performance investigation of a concentric double tube heat exchanger using twisted tape inserts and nanofluid. Part Sci Technol. 2022;40(3):307–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2021.1946729.10.1080/02726351.2021.1946729 ↗
12. Sameer S, Prakash SB, Narayana Swamy G. (2021). Effectiveness study in shell and tube heat exchanger at various concentrations of CuO nanofluid for parallel flow. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 235 (24): 7951–7962. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406221100078710.1177/09544062211000787 ↗
13. Singh SK, Sarkar J. Improving hydrothermal performance of double-tube heat exchanger with modified twisted tape inserts using hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2021;143(6):4287–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09380-w.10.1007/s10973-020-09380-w ↗
14. Irandoost Shahrestani M, Houshfar E, Ashjaee M, Allahvirdizadeh P. Convective heat transfer and pumping power analysis of MWCNT + Fe₃O₄/water hybrid nanofluid in a helical coiled heat exchanger with orthogonal rib turbulators. Front Energy Res. 2021;9:630805. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.630805.10.3389/fenrg.2021.630805 ↗
15. Rostami S, Aghaei A, Hassani Joshaghani A, Mahdavi Hezaveh H, Sharifpur M, Meyer JP. Thermal–hydraulic efficiency management of spiral heat exchanger filled with Cu–ZnO/water hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2021;143(2):1569–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09721-9.10.1007/s10973-020-09721-9 ↗
16. Rai N, Hegde RN. Thermal performance enhancement studies on a circular finned coil-in-shell heat exchanger using graphene oxide nanofluid. SN Appl Sci. 2020;2(9):1613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03423-5.10.1007/s42452-020-03423-5 ↗
17. Cao Y, Taghvaie Nakhjiri A, Sarkar SM, Ghadiri M. Integration of ANN and NSGA-II for optimization of Nusselt number and pressure drop in a coiled heat exchanger via water-based nanofluid containing alumina and Ag nanoparticles. Arab J Sci Eng. 2023;48(7):8861–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07480-3.10.1007/s13369-022-07480-3 ↗
18. Taşkesen E, Dirik M, Tekir M, Pazarlıoğlu HK. Predicting heat transfer performance of Fe₃O₄–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid under constant magnetic field using ANN. J Therm Eng. 2023;9(3):811–22. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.000000.10.18186/thermal.000000 ↗
19. Nazari R, Beiki H, Esfandyari M. Simulation of turbulent convective heat transfer of γ-Al₂O₃/water nanofluid in a tube by ANN and ANFIS models. J Therm Eng. 2022;8(1):120–4. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1067050.10.18186/thermal.1067050 ↗
20. Zolghadri A, Maddah H, Ahmadi MH, Sharifpur M. Predicting parameters of heat transfer in a shell and tube heat exchanger using aluminum oxide nanofluid with artificial neural network and self-organizing map. Sustainability. 2021;13(16):8824. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168824.10.3390/su13168824 ↗
21. Abu-Hamdeh NH, Almitani KH, Gari AA, Alimoradi A, Ahmadian A, Baleanu D. Hydrodynamic analysis of a heat exchanger with crosscut twisted tapes filled with thermal oil-based SWCNT nanofluid: Applying ANN for prediction of objective parameters. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2021;145(4):2163–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10521-4.10.1007/s10973-020-10521-4 ↗
22. Alazwari MA, Abu-Hamdeh NH, Salilih EM. Exergetic performance analysis on helically coiled tube heat exchanger: Forecasting thermal conductivity of SiO₂/EG nanofluid using ANN and RSM. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2021;144(6):2721–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10644-2.10.1007/s10973-021-10644-2 ↗
23. Nasirzadehroshenin F, Sadeghzadeh M, Khadang A, Maddah H, Ahmadi MH, Sakhaeinia H, Lingen L. Modeling of heat transfer performance of carbon nanotube nanofluid in a tube with fixed wall temperature using ANN–GA. Eur Phys J Plus. 2020;135(2):217. . https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00208-y10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00208-y ↗
24. Bagherzadeh SA, Sulgani MT, Nikkhah V, Bahrami M, Karimipour A, Jiang Y. Minimizing pressure drop and maximizing heat transfer coefficient using ANN–GA based on empirical data of CuO/paraffin nanofluid in a pipe. Physica A. 2019;527:121056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.121056.10.1016/j.physa.2019.121056 ↗
25. Surekha G, Krishnaiah KV, Ravi N, Padma Suvarna R. ‘FTIR, Raman and XRD analysis of graphene oxide films prepared by modified Hummers method’, in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Institute of Physics Publishing, Jun. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1495/1/01201210.1088/1742-6596/1495/1/012012 ↗
26. Andonovic B, Grozdanov A, Paunović P, Dimitrov AT. X-ray diffraction analysis on layers in graphene samples obtained by electrolysis in molten salts: A new perspective. Micro Nano Lett. 2015;10(12):683–5. . https://doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2015.032510.1049/mnl.2015.0325 ↗
27. Meyer JC, Geim AK, Katsnelson MI, Novoselov KS, Booth TJ, Roth S. The structure of suspended graphene sheets. Nature. 2007;446(7131):60–3. . https://doi.org/10.1038/nature0554510.1038/nature05545 ↗
28. Wilson NR et al. (2009) ‘Graphene Oxide: Structural Analysis and Application as a Highly Transparent Support for Electron Microscopy’, ACS Nano. 3 (9): 2547–2556 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900694t10.1021/nn900694t ↗
29. Dittus FW, Boelter LMK. Heat Transfer for Automobile Radiators of the Tubular type. 2 ed. University of California Publications in Engineering; 1930.
30. Gnielinski V. New equations for heat and mass transfer in the turbulent flow in pipes and channels. NASA STI/Recon Tech Rep A. 1975;75:22028.
31. Blasius H. Grenzschichten in Flussigkeiten mit kleiner Reibung (German). Z Math Phys. 1908;56:1–37.
32. Petukhov B. Heat transfer and friction in turbulent pipe flow with variable physical properties. Adv Heat Tran. 1970;6(503):i565.
33. Rajan A. Impact of hyperbolic-cut twisted tape on heat transfer, friction factor and thermohydraulic performance of heat exchanger tube: An experimental study using Internet of Things (IoT) approach. Multiscale Multidisciplinary Model Experiments Des. 2024;4:4173–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-024-00461-z.10.1007/s41939-024-00461-z ↗
34. Moffat RJ. Describing the uncertainties in experimental results. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci. 1988;1(1):3–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777. (88)90043-X.10.1016/0894-1777 ↗
35. Keklikcioglu O, Ozceyhan V. Thermohydraulic performance evaluation for horizontal tube by using combination of modified coiled wire inserts and graphene nanoplatelet-water nanouids. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf Apr. 2021;123:105206. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.10520610.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105206 ↗
36. Singh SK, Sarkar J Hydrothermal performance comparison of modified twisted tapes and wire coils in tubular heat exchanger using hybrid nanofluid. Int J Therm Sci Aug. 2021;166:106690. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2021.106990.10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2021.106990 ↗
37. Naik MT, Fahad SS, Syam Sundar L, Singh MK. Comparative study on thermal performance of twisted tape and wire coil inserts in turbulent flow using CuO/water nanofluid. Exp Therm Fluid Sci. 2014;57:65–76.10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.04.006 ↗
38. Akbaridoust F, Rakhsha M, Abbassi A, Saffar Avval M. Experimental and numerical investigation of nanofluid heat transfer in helically coiled tubes at constant wall temperature using dispersion model. Int J Heat Mass Tran. 2013;58(1):480–91.10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.11.064 ↗
39. Goudarzi K, Jamali H. Heat transfer enhancement of Al₂O₃-EG nanofluid in a car radiator with wire coil inserts. Appl Therm Eng. 2017;118:510–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.03.016.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.03.016 ↗
40. Sundar L, Lingala, Ramana E, Said Z, Pereira António, Sousa. Antonio. Heat Transfer of rGO/CO3O4 Hybrid Nanomaterial-Based Nanofluids and Twisted Tape Configurations in a Tube. ASME J Therm Sci Eng Appl. 2020;13:1–41. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4047827.10.1115/1.4047827 ↗
41. Rajan A, Sneha S, Prasad L, Prasad BN Performance intensification of heat exchanger tube fitted with double hyperbolic-cut twisted tape in turbulent flow. J Brazilian Soc Mech Sci Eng. 2023;45(9):477. . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-023-04369-6.10.1007/s40430-023-04369-6 ↗
42. Jahan S, Nasrin R. Predictive ANN analysis of hydrothermal and entropy behavior of corrugated heat exchanger featuring tetra-hybrid nanofluid. S Afr J Chem Eng. 2026;55:439–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2025.12.012.10.1016/j.sajce.2025.12.012 ↗
43. Siddique I, Nadeem M, Shakoor B, Kraiem H, Ghallab AS, Yaseen ZM, Abdullaeva B. ANN-based analysis of MHD third-grade hybrid nanofluid flow over a thin needle with fuzzy volume fraction under nonlinear radiation and heat generation. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):45030. . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29013-210.1038/s41598-025-29013-2 ↗
44. Bindu P, Gurrampati GVR, Kezzar M, Rashid FL, Kumar KT, Nagapavani M, Sari MR, Sadeq AM, Chibani A, Mahariq I. SRM–ANN analyse on heat transfer exploration of a ferromagnetic hybrid nanofluid under the impact of magnetic forces and thermal emissions. Multiscale Multidisciplinary Model Experiments Des. 2025;8(10):439. . https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-025-01027-310.1007/s41939-025-01027-3 ↗
45. Mahboobtosi M, Ehsani H, Ganji AM, Jalili P, Mohamed MH, Jalili B, Domiri Ganji DD. Corrigendum to AI-driven modeling of bioconvective nanofluid flow: An ANN approach to anisotropic slip and heat transfer in 3D systems. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2025;167:109388. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.10938810.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.109388 ↗
46. Darvesh A, Maiz FM, Souayeh B, Santisteban C, Garalleh LJCAL, Al Agha HA, Ortiz A, García LK, Sánchez-Miranda NA. ANN-based two hidden layers computational procedure for analysis of heat transport dynamics in polymer-based trihybrid Carreau nanofluid flow over needle geometry. Hybrid Adv. 2025;9:100396. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.10039610.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100396 ↗
47. Hasan MM, Rahman MM, Bakar S, Kabir MN, Ramasamy D, Sadi AHM. Performance evaluation of various training functions using ANN to predict the thermal conductivity of EG/water-based GNP/CNC hybrid nanofluid for heat transfer application. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2025;150(3):1907–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-13873-3.10.1007/s10973-024-13873-3 ↗
48. Rajan A, Raj R, Prasad L. Thermal performance assessment of heat exchanger with hyperbolic-cut twisted tape using numerical and artificial intelligence approach under turbulent conditions with graphene oxide nanofluid. Powder Technol. 2025;452:120571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120571.10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120571 ↗