journal article·2026-06

Unlocking Synergistic Passivation in Perovskite Solar Cells via Molecular Design of Electron‐Donation and Steric Hindrance

Luozheng Zhang, Mingyu Sun, Gaomeijie Gao, Yi Zhang, Zhouli Liu, Jianning Ding

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 36· Issue 48
Publisher page

Abstract

ABSTRACT Interfacial defects remain a critical bottleneck for the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), as conventional passivation molecules often struggle to concurrently provide strong passivation and uniform coverage. To resolve this dilemma, we propose a synergistic intramolecular design strategy that integrates electron‐donation and steric engineering. Using 1,3,5‐triazine (TZ) and its methylated derivative 2,4,6‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (TMZ) as a model system, we elucidate that the methyl groups synergistically enhance the electron density of Lewis‐basic nitrogen atoms via hyperconjugation for robust defect coordination, while suppressing detrimental π–π stacking to facilitate a uniform coverage atop perovskite film. Consequently, TMZ‐treated PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.07%, and retain over 90% of their initial efficiency after 1400 h of continuous operation. This work establishes a universal “electronic‐steric synergy” principle for designing high‐performance and ultra‐stable perovskite interfaces.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells · Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, School of Chemistry and Materials, School of Physical Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Energy Yangzhou University Yangzhou China

Funding

Yangzhou University

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