Investigation of magnetic and optical properties on dopant concentration of Ni based BaTiO3 ceramics

Pure barium titanate (BTO) perovskite ceramics, 1% and 3% nickel (Ni) doped BTO ceramics were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. Structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic characteristics were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive Xray analysis (EDAX), UV-vis-spectrophotometer (UV), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM.) In XRD patterns by using Scherrer formula the crystalline size of BTO perovskite ceramics, 1% and 3% Ni-doped BTO ceramics was determined as 7.87 nm, 4.67 nm and 15.54 nm. The volume of unit cell was reduced in 1% and 3% nickel doped BTO. The estimated c/a ratio for all three synthesized samples BTO, 1% and 3% Ni-doped BTO ceramics substantiates that the symmetry of the synthesized samples remains unmodified. FTIR spectra revealed the existence of functional groups. SEM images confirmed the dopant of Ni in BaTiO3 ceramics does not produce any changes in the morphology even at high concentrations of doping. EDAX spectra implied that the atomic concentration of elements presents in pure BTO, 1% and 3% Ni-doped BTO ceramics.