Antimony Chalcogenides for Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion

Abstract Antimony chalcogenides (Sb ₂ X ₃ , X = S, Se, and S/Se) represent a promising class of V–VI semiconductors for photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion. This potential is attributed to their ideal bandgaps, strong visible‐light absorption, low toxicity, and cost effectiveness. In particular, Sb ₂ X ₃ ‐based photoelectrodes have demonstrated remarkable promise across diverse PEC reactions, including water splitting, iodide oxidation reaction, nitrate reduction reaction, and CO ₂ reduction reaction, exhibiting high photocurrent densities and notable stability. In light of these advances, recent studies have increasingly focused on tailoring the properties of Sb ₂ X ₃ , achieving significant improvements in charge‐carrier separation and surface catalytic activity through a variety of modification strategies. Here a comprehensive overview of their fundamental properties, synthesis methods, and emerging PEC applications is provided, while also highlighting current challenges and future research directions. By bridging fundamental understanding with photoelectrode optimization, antimony chalcogenides are poised to play a vital role in advancing future sustainable solar energy conversion.