journal article·2024-11Open access

High Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Crystal Elastomer for Stress‐Less Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

Yabin Ma, Jiaxue You, Lu Zhang, Ran Chen, Hanqing Zeng, Jinghao Ge, Kun Li, Xiaokang Ma, Alex K.‐Y. Jen, Shengzhong (Frank) Liu

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 34· Issue 46

Abstract

Abstract Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) have gained considerable attention for potential applications in portable and wearable electronics. However, the design principles governing FPSCs remain incompletely understood. In this study, two critical factors—thermal conductivity and elastic modulus—that significantly influence the thermal and mechanical stabilities of FPSCs are identified. Achieving stress‐less conditions is crucial for enhancing the performance of FPSCs. To address this, a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) is employed as a buffer interlayer to effectively mitigate residual thermal stress. This is achieved by improving the thermal conductivity of the electron transport layer from 0.76 to 1.07 W mK−1 and softening the perovskite layer, reducing the Young's modulus from 50 to 42 GPa. The optimized thin films are utilized in both rigid and flexible PSCs, resulting in efficiencies of 24.5% and 22.8%, respectively. Remarkably, these devices demonstrated excellent thermal stability, with unpackaged LCE rigid PSCs retaining 85.6% of their initial efficiency after 504 h of aging at 85 °C. Moreover, robust mechanical stability in FPSCs is exhibited, with 88.4% of the original efficiency retained after 5400 bending cycles. This investigation elucidates the profound impact of thermal conductivity and Young's modulus on the efficiency and stability of flexible electronics.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Conducting polymers and applications · Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Photoelectric Materials Science Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China

Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China

School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 P. R. China

State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China

Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China

Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Funding

Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy · Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project · China Postdoctoral Science Foundation · National Key Research and Development Program of China · National Natural Science Foundation of China

References (63)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1080/23746149.2019.166431910.1080/23746149.2019.1664319 ↗
2. 10.1038/2131223a010.1038/2131223a0 ↗
3. 10.1109/TAES.1967.540872010.1109/TAES.1967.5408720 ↗
4. Best Research‐Cell Efficiencies https://www.nrel.gov/pv/interactive‐cell‐efficiency.html(accessed: May 2024).
5. 10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.02310.1016/j.joule.2019.07.023 ↗
6. 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c0119310.1021/acsenergylett.1c01193 ↗
7. 10.1115/1.317607810.1115/1.3176078 ↗
8. 10.1016/0020-7683(89)90021-810.1016/0020-7683(89)90021-8 ↗
9. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.11.03010.1016/j.ceramint.2015.11.030 ↗
10. 10.1016/j.cej.2021.12937510.1016/j.cej.2021.129375 ↗
11. 10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00197-910.1016/S0008-6223(99)00197-9 ↗
12. 10.1038/s41578-021-00359-z10.1038/s41578-021-00359-z ↗
13. 10.1038/ncomms1078110.1038/ncomms10781 ↗
14. 10.1093/oso/9780198527671.001.000110.1093/oso/9780198527671.001.0001 ↗
15. 10.1063/5.007547110.1063/5.0075471 ↗
16. 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c0105710.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01057 ↗
17. 10.1002/adma.20160274510.1002/adma.201602745 ↗
18. 10.1002/adma.20190121610.1002/adma.201901216 ↗
19. 10.1038/s41467-023-36938-710.1038/s41467-023-36938-7 ↗
20. 10.1002/smll.20170153510.1002/smll.201701535 ↗
21. 10.1002/adma.20231065110.1002/adma.202310651 ↗
22. 10.1002/adma.20230672410.1002/adma.202306724 ↗
23. 10.1039/D2CS00123C10.1039/D2CS00123C ↗
24. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.10571210.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105712 ↗
25. 10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.00210.1016/j.joule.2022.04.002 ↗
26. 10.1002/aenm.20230210310.1002/aenm.202302103 ↗
27. 10.1002/adma.20221154510.1002/adma.202211545 ↗
28. 10.1007/s11426-022-1451-210.1007/s11426-022-1451-2 ↗
29. 10.1021/acsaem.1c0076710.1021/acsaem.1c00767 ↗
30. 10.1002/anie.20200019910.1002/anie.202000199 ↗
31. 10.1002/cssc.20170109510.1002/cssc.201701095 ↗
32. 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c0048510.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00485 ↗
33. 10.1038/s41467-023-37877-z10.1038/s41467-023-37877-z ↗
34. 10.1038/s41563-023-01705-y10.1038/s41563-023-01705-y ↗
35. 10.1002/adfm.20230581210.1002/adfm.202305812 ↗
36. 10.1038/s41467-023-36224-610.1038/s41467-023-36224-6 ↗
37. 10.1016/j.cej.2022.14121610.1016/j.cej.2022.141216 ↗
38. 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.00710.1016/j.isci.2019.11.007 ↗
39. 10.1093/nsr/nwab04710.1093/nsr/nwab047 ↗
40. 10.1002/idm2.1207910.1002/idm2.12079 ↗
41. 10.1080/09205071.2022.206700810.1080/09205071.2022.2067008 ↗
42. 10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00531-X10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00531-X ↗
43. 10.1039/D2CS00278G10.1039/D2CS00278G ↗
44. 10.1002/anie.20221226810.1002/anie.202212268 ↗
45. 10.1002/adfm.20220550710.1002/adfm.202205507 ↗
46. 10.1002/adfm.20230414010.1002/adfm.202304140 ↗
47. 10.1038/s41586-023-06784-010.1038/s41586-023-06784-0 ↗
48. 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05290.x10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05290.x ↗
49. 10.1364/OME.45021410.1364/OME.450214 ↗
50. 10.1038/174923b010.1038/174923b0 ↗
51. Xiao H. · Infrared Laser Eng. · 2011 · 40 · 271
52. 10.1002/aenm.20160039610.1002/aenm.201600396 ↗
53. 10.1039/C7EE00358G10.1039/C7EE00358G ↗
54. 10.1002/aenm.20200050210.1002/aenm.202000502 ↗
55. 10.1002/aenm.20210259110.1002/aenm.202102591 ↗
56. 10.1039/C9TA02808K10.1039/C9TA02808K ↗
57. 10.1002/adfm.20211203210.1002/adfm.202112032 ↗
58. 10.1002/aenm.20220319010.1002/aenm.202203190 ↗
59. 10.1002/aenm.20220086910.1002/aenm.202200869 ↗
60. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2023.11037710.1016/j.compscitech.2023.110377 ↗
61. Jeon S. Y. · Adv. Mater. · 2021 · 34
62. 10.1002/adfm.20190533610.1002/adfm.201905336 ↗
63. 10.1038/s41467-021-27012-110.1038/s41467-021-27012-1 ↗