Suppressing Fluoride Segregation for High Efficiency Tin Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract Phase segregation can bring low crystallinity and orientation, giving rise to poor carrier transport and high defect density, leading to poor device performance. In order to reduce oxidation and defect density and regulate film growth, lots of reductive additives such as SnF₂ are explored as additives in tin perovskite film growth. Despite the oxidation is effectively reduced, it induces phase segregation. Herein, a reductive molecule NH₅F₂ with a bi‐fluoride anion is explored to address this challenge for tin perovskite solar cells. This bi‐fluoride anion reduces coordination energy with Sn²⁺ compared to SnF₂, hence the byproduct of [F─H─F]⁻ can be eliminated during the film annealing process, effectively preventing fluoride segregation. As a result, a highly oriented perovskite film with reduced oxidation is fabricated. The film shows reduced defect density and carrier recombination, leading to improved current density. Consequently, a tin‐based perovskite solar cell with an efficiency of 15.04% is fabricated, ranking as one of the highest efficiencies reported up to now.