Biomimetic Artificial Tetrachromatic Photoreceptors Based on Fully Light‐Controlled 2D Transistors

Abstract Artificial photoreceptors offer a promising solution for developing biomimetic vision systems that incorporate in‐sensor processing, which can greatly reduce power consumption and operation latency compared to traditional machine vision systems. This work presents a tetrachromatic optical synaptic device based on a 2D tungsten diselenide optoelectronic p‐type transistor with a unique UV light‐activated surface electron doping layer. Fully light‐controlled bidirectional synaptic excitation and inhibition are demonstrated with visible and UV light stimuli, respectively, with a reasonable power density of <10 mW cm⁻² that matches the imaging condition of a biological vision. The weight updates of up to 64 states, high dynamic range, and low nonlinearity are demonstrated for long‐term potentiation and depression behaviors. This artificial tetrachromatic photoreceptor can mimic the alert and foraging behaviors of a reindeer with low power consumption and enhanced signal contrast. Furthermore, it can be employed as an intelligent collision detection solution with in‐sensor processing capabilities. This bioinspired tetrachromatic photoreceptor offers a low‐cost, energy‐efficient, and low‐latency solution for future artificial machines.