Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties and Improved Property Uniformity in Nd‐Doped PMN‐PT Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystals

Abstract Relaxor‐PbTiO₃ crystals exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties (d₃₃ > 2000 pC N⁻¹ and k₃₃ > 90%) and thus attractes widespread attention in the past two decades. However, the inevitable segregation of components during the crystal growth results in relatively low‐performance consistency of Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃‐PbTiO₃ (PMN‐PT) crystals, which seriously affects their practical applications. In this work, Nd³⁺ as A‐site substitution is introduced to improve the uniformity of electromechanical performance of PMN‐PT crystal. The results show that the crystal exhibits a high piezoelectric coefficient of 3000 pC N⁻¹ in rhombohedral phase with a variation of 36%. The electron probe X‐ray microanalyzer indicates that the opposite separation characteristics of Nd³⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ lead to improved uniformity of piezoelectric performance along the crystal boule. The giant piezoelectricity in Nd‐doped PMN‐PT is attributed to the enhanced local structural heterogeneity introduced by doping Nd. Furthermore, the Nd‐doped PMN‐PT crystal shows the rhombohedral‐tetragonal phase transition temperature in the range of 74–87 °C, which indicates that Nd‐doped PMN‐PT crystal can be a promising candidate for the design of advanced piezoelectric transducers.