Interfacial engineering revolutionizers: perovskite nanocrystals and quantum dots accentuated performance enhancement in perovskite solar cells

Utilization of efficient nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for effectual conversion of solar energy to electrical energy has prompted the extensive progression of PSCs as a suitable alternative to silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Most recent progressions are inclusive of nanoscale materials incorporation particularly nanocrystals (NCs) and quantum dots (QDs) with unique sizes, morphological and compositional aspects aimed at PSCs modification. In all conventional architectures of the PSCs, there are number of interfaces between the transport layers and active absorber perovskite layer. Nanocrystals and quantum dots have been employed for the interfacial engineering in PSCs owing to their remarkable optoelectronic and photo-physical characteristics favoring the facile and efficient power generation and reducing dependence on silicone-based PVs. Myriad of NCs and QDs having inorganic and/or inorganic perovskite composition have been investigated, however, the overall synthetic costs, procedural complications, current, and voltage (J–V) hysterical response and stability toward air and light needs further meticulous investigations due to which PV community has been disseminating experimental results rapidly since last few years. Considering the potential of perovskite NCs and QDs, current review has for the first time explored the most recent progressions done in utilization of these nanoscale materials in augmenting PSCs PV functionality through interface modification. Magnifying extent of nanoscale materials for PSCs modification and current investigation signifies the future candidacy of perovskite NCs and QDs as humanity gallants for provisioning of cheaper and sustainable power sources.