Structural and phase transformations control in Ti and Al cathode materials, WC-Co substrate, and Ti1-xAlxN coating to improve their physico-mechanical and wear properties
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Abstract
Abstract The paper analyzed temperature ranges of aggregate/polymorphic state changes, phase and structural transformations in Al, Ti, WC-Co, and Ti1-xAlxN, leading to the gradient of thermo-physical and physico-mechanical properties of cathodes, substrate, and coating. The critical temperatures for Al and Ti are the points of the exo- or endothermic effect occurrence at 933 K (TmAl) and 1155.5 K (Tα-Ti→β-Ti), respectively. The hardness of the WC-Co / Ti1-xAlxN composition varies with the heating temperature of the WC-Co before coating deposition. The optimal heating interval for WC-Co is 873…963 K. The structuring process of the Ti1-xAlxN coating was investigated in the temperature range 673…1073 K before the spinodal decomposition of c-TiAlN into metallic c-TiN and dielectric-semiconductor c-AlN. Physico-mechanical properties of the Ti1-xAlxN coatings were determined using a FISCHERSCOPEH100C measurement system per the standard DINENISO14577-1. Wear tests were carried out according to the “finger-disk” scheme in a coolant-cutting fluid on a laboratory friction machine. The optimal temperature conditions for the deposition of a nanostructured Ti1-xAlxN coating with a minimum phase and elemental composition gradient and microdroplets number, a complex of high physico-mechanical properties, wear, and cracking resistance have been established. The Ti1-xAlxN coatings efficiency has been increased by controlling the thermo-physical and physico-mechanical properties of Ti and Al cathodes, the substrate (hard alloy WC-Co), and the Ti1-xAlxN coating in-process of their heating and cathodic arc evaporation. Multifunctional dependency graphs of the physico-mechanical properties and the friction coefficient of the Ti1-xAlxN coatings on the Al = x content have been developed. The relationship between the resistance of the coating to plastic deformation and the coefficient of friction has been established.
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