Radiation damage of hollandite in multiphase ceramic waste forms

Abstract Radiation damage was simulated in multiphase titanate-based ceramic waste forms using an ion accelerator to generate high energy alpha particles (He + ) and an ion implanter to generate 7 MeV gold (Au 3+ ) particles. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the damaged surfaces and nearby regions. Simulated multiphase ceramic waste forms were prepared using two processing methods: spark plasma sintering and melt-processing. Both processing methods produced ceramics with similar phase assemblages consisting of hollandite-, zirconolite/pyrochlore-, and perovskite-type phases. The measured heavy ion (Au 3+ ) penetration depth was less in spark plasma sintered samples than in melt-processed samples. Structural breakdown of the hollandite phase occurred under He + irradiation indicated by the presence of x-ray diffraction peaks belonging to TiO 2 , BaTiO 5 , and other hollandite related phases (Ba 2 Ti 9 O 20 ). The composition of the constituent hollandite phase affected the extent of damage induced by Au 3+ ions.