Structure analysis, ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties in nanostructured Bi2O3 –Fe2O3 –PbTiO3 for magnetoelectric applications

The ternary 0.52Bi ₂O ₃ – 0.18Fe ₂O ₃ – 0.30PbTiO ₃ (BFPT) system was prepared by mechanosynthesis in a high-energy planetary mill. The mixed powder was milled for 1, 2, 5, and 10 h. After 5 h of milling, the partially crystalline phase was achieved, as investigated by the XRD analysis. HRTEM verified the nanoparticle formation, and the mean size of the particles is estimated to be ⁓ 2.95 nm. Dielectric permittivity, loss tangent, electric modulus, and ac conductivity were measured for the milled system for 5 h as a function of frequency and temperature. The nanostructured BFPT sample shows a high dielectric permittivity (ε′ ⁓ 1388 at 500 Hz) obtained at T _c ⁓ 633 K (Curie temperature), which corresponds to the structural phase transition. The experimental results of σ _ac are acceptable with the CBH model. The measurements of the P–E hysteresis loop illustrated recoverable energy density (W _rec=4.33 mJ/cm ³ ) and energy storage efficiency (η=60.56%) at room temperature. The M-H data represent remnant magnetization (M _r) of 12.41 × 10 ⁻³ emu/g and coercive field (H _c) of 497.23 Oe. These remarks suggest that the nanostructured BFPT sample might be a promising option for magnetoelectric applications.