Fabrication of MoS2@g-C3N4 core-shell nanospheres for visible light photocatalytic degradation of toluene
Source abstract
Abstract
The semiconductor-based photocatalytic oxidation process is considered as one of the most economical and environmentally friendly approach for the degradation of toluene. For the sake of exploring an efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts, the MoS2@g-C3N4 core-shell nanospheres were successfully fabricated by taking the advantages of the morphology and structure of materials tailoring and semiconductor coupling, via a two-step approach including the hydrothermal method followed by ultrasonic adhering approach. The morphology, crystallinity, composition, and optical property of as-prepared catalysts were well characterized. The core-shell structure was fabricated by using MoS2 as the template and the coating of g-C3N4 improved the separation of photoinduced charges, due to the strong electronic interaction between them. The photocatalytic activity of MoS2@g-C3N4 core-shell nanospheres had been investigated by the degradation of toluene under visible light irradiation using in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The MoS2@g-C3N4 nanospheres displayed enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity, which is about 1.3 and 9.6 times than that of g-C3N4 and MoS2 nanospheres under identical conditions. Electron spin resonance (ESR) examinations confirmed the generation of ·OH and ·O2−, which were the key reactive oxygen species involved in the photocatalytic process.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (64)
Show source-provided references
1. Aguero FN, Barbero BP, Gambaro L, Cadús LE (2009) Catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds in binary mixtures over MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst. Appl Catal, B 91:108–11210.1016/j.apcatb.2009.05.012 ↗
2. Ahmad T, Phul R, Alam P, Lone IH, Shahazad M, Ahmed J, Ahamad T, Alshehri SM (2017) Dielectric, optical and enhanced photocatalytic properties of CuCrO2 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 7:27549–2755710.1039/C6RA26888A ↗
3. AlShehri SM, Ahmed J, Ahamada T, Almaswari BM, Khan A (2017a) Efficient photodegradation of methylthioninium chloride dye in aqueous using barium tungstate nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 19:28910.1007/s11051-017-3970-z ↗
4. AlShehri SM, Ahmed J, Alzahrania AM, Ahamada T (2017b) Synthesis, characterization, and enhanced photocatalytic properties of NiWO4 nanobricks. New J Chem 41:8178–818610.1039/C7NJ02085F ↗
5. Ardizzone S, Bianchi CL, Cappelletti G, Naldoni A, Pirola C (2008) Photocatalytic degradation of toluene in the gas phase: relationship between surface species and catalyst features. Environ Sci Technol 42:6671–667610.1021/es8009327 ↗
6. Atkinson R, Arey J (2003) Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds. Chem Rev 103:4605–463810.1021/cr0206420 ↗
7. Augugliaro V, Coluccia S, Loddo V, Marchese L, Martra G, Palmisano L, Schiavello M (1999) Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous toluene on anatase TiO2 catalyst: mechanistic aspects and FT-IR investigation. Appl Catal, B 20:15–2710.1016/S0926-3373(98)00088-5 ↗
8. Barpuzary D, Banik A, Gogoi G, Qureshi M (2015) Noble metal-free counter electrodes utilizing Cu2ZnSnS4 loaded with MoS2 for efficient solar cells based on ZnO nanowires co-sensitized with CuInS2–CdSe quantum dots. J Mater Chem A 3:14378–1438810.1039/C5TA03396A ↗
9. Belver C, López-Muñoz MJ, Coronado JM, Soria J (2003) Palladium enhanced resistance to deactivation of titanium dioxide during the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene vapors. Appl Catal, B 46:497–50910.1016/S0926-3373(03)00291-1 ↗
10. Burman D, Ghosh R, Santra S, Guha PK (2016) Highly proton conducting MoS2/graphene oxide nanocomposite based chemoresistive humidity sensor. RSC Adv 6:57424–5743310.1039/C6RA11961A ↗
11. Cao L, Gao Z, Suib SL, Obee TN, Hay SO, Freihaut JD (2000) Photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on nanoscale TiO2 catalysts: studies of deactivation and regeneration. J Catal 196:253–26110.1006/jcat.2000.3050 ↗
12. Chen G, Li D, Li F, Fan Y, Zhao H, Luo Y, Yu R, Meng Q (2012) Ball-milling combined calcination synthesis of MoS2/CdS photocatalysts for high photocatalytic H2 evolution activity under visible light irradiation. Appl Catal, A 443–444:138–14410.1016/j.apcata.2012.07.033 ↗
13. Choi MS, Qu D, Lee D, Liu X, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Yoo WJ (2014) Lateral MoS2 p–n junction formed by chemical doping for use in high-performance optoelectronics. ACS Nano 8:9332–934010.1021/nn503284n ↗
14. Cummins DR, Martinez U, Kappera R, Voiry D, Martinez-Garcia A, Jasinski J, Kelly D, Chhowalla M, Mohite AD, Sunkara MK, Gupta G (2015) Catalytic activity in lithium-treated core–shell MoOx/MoS2 nanowires. J Phys Chem C 119:22908–2291410.1021/acs.jpcc.5b05640 ↗
15. Dang X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Dong X, Wang G, Ma C, Zhang X, Ma H, Xue M (2015) Preparation of β-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 nanosheet p–n junction for enhanced photocatalytic ability under visible light illumination. J Nanopart Res 17:9310.1007/s11051-014-2808-1 ↗
16. Domi et al (2003) Silica-supported palladium nanoparticles show remarkable hydrogenation catalytic activity. J Mol Catal A Chem 197:185–19110.1016/S1381-1169(02)00583-6 ↗
17. Feng JX, Ding LX, Ye SH, He XJ, Xu H, Tong YX, Li GR (2015) Co(OH)2 @PANI hybrid nanosheets with 3D networks as high-performance electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Adv Mater 27:7051–705710.1002/adma.201503187 ↗
18. Ghosh Chaudhuri R, Paria S (2012) Core/shell nanoparticles: classes, properties, synthesis mechanisms, characterization, and applications. Chem Rev 112:2373–243310.1021/cr100449n ↗
19. Gil RR, Ruiz B, Lozano MS, Martín MJ, Fuente E (2014) VOCs removal by adsorption onto activated carbons from biocollagenic wastes of vegetable tanning. Chem Eng J 245:80–8810.1016/j.cej.2014.02.012 ↗
20. Hou Y, Zuo F, Dagg A, Feng P (2012) Visible light-driven alpha-Fe2O3 nanorod/graphene/BiV1-xMoxO4 core/shell heterojunction array for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. Nano Lett 12:6464–647310.1021/nl303961c ↗
21. Hou Y, Laursen AB, Zhang J, Zhang G, Zhu Y, Wang X, Dahl S, Chorkendorff I (2013) Layered nanojunctions for hydrogen-evolution catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:3621–362510.1002/anie.201210294 ↗
22. Hou H, Gao F, Wang L, Shang M, Yang Z, Zheng J, Yang W (2016) Superior thoroughly mesoporous ternary hybrid photocatalysts of TiO2/WO3/g-C3N4 nanofibers for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution. J Mater Chem A 4:6276–628110.1039/C6TA02307J ↗
23. Huang J, Hou D, Zhou Y, Zhou W, Li G, Tang Z, Li L, Chen S (2015) MoS2 nanosheet-coated CoS2 nanowire arrays on carbon cloth as three-dimensional electrodes for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Mater Chem A 3:22886–2289110.1039/C5TA07234D ↗
24. Hwang H, Kim H, Cho J (2011) MoS2 nanoplates consisting of disordered graphene-like layers for high rate lithium battery anode materials. Nano Lett 11:4826–483010.1021/nl202675f ↗
25. Jiang W, Liu Y, Zong R, Li Z, Yao W, Zhu Y (2015) Photocatalytic hydrogen generation on bifunctional ternary heterostructured In2S3/MoS2/CdS composites with high activity and stability under visible light irradiation. J Mater Chem A 3:18406–1841210.1039/C5TA04258E ↗
26. Kesavan L, Tiruvalam R, Rahim MHA, bin Saiman MI, Enache DI, Jenkins RL, Dimitratos N, Lopez-Sanchez JA, Taylor SH, Knight DW, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ (2011) Solvent-free oxidation of primary carbon-hydrogen bonds in toluene using Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles. Science 331:195–19910.1126/science.1198458 ↗
27. Kostiainen R (1995) Volatile organic compounds in the indoor air of normal and sick houses. Atmos Environ 29:693–70210.1016/1352-2310(94)00309-9 ↗
28. Li X, Zou X, Qu Z, Zhao Q, Wang L (2011) Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene over Ag-doping TiO2 nanotube powder prepared by anodization coupled with impregnation method. Chemosphere 83:674–67910.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.043 ↗
29. Li J, Shen B, Hong Z, Lin B, Gao B, Chen Y (2012) A facile approach to synthesize novel oxygen-doped g-C3N4 with superior visible-light photoreactivity. Chem Commun 48:12017–1201910.1039/c2cc35862j ↗
30. Li H, Yu K, Lei X, Guo B, Fu H, Zhu Z (2015a) Hydrothermal synthesis of novel MoS2/BiVO4 hetero-nanoflowers with enhanced photocatalytic activity and a mechanism investigation. J Phys Chem C 119:22681–2268910.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06729 ↗
31. Li X, Hartley G, Ward AJ, Young PA, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T (2015b) Hydrogenated defects in graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Phys Chem C 119:14938–1494610.1021/acs.jpcc.5b03538 ↗
32. Li G, Sun J, Hou W, Jiang S, Huang Y, Geng J (2016) Three-dimensional porous carbon composites containing high sulfur nanoparticle content for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Nat Commun 7:1060110.1038/ncomms10601 ↗
33. Lin T, Wang J, Guo L, Fu F (2015) Fe3O4@MoS2 core–shell composites: preparation, characterization, and catalytic application. J Phys Chem C 119:13658–1366410.1021/acs.jpcc.5b02516 ↗
34. Liu B, Jin N (2015) The typical environmental system optimization problems solved by computer software. In: 2015 7th international conference on modelling, identification and control (ICMIC), 18–20 Dec. 2015, pp 1–6
35. Liu J, Zhang T, Wang Z, Dawson G, Chen W (2011) Simple pyrolysis of urea into graphitic carbon nitride with recyclable adsorption and photocatalytic activity. J Mater Chem 21:1439810.1039/c1jm12620b ↗
36. Liu B, Li X, Zhao Q, Ke J, Liu J, Liu S, Tadé M (2015) Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene with multiphase TixZr1−xO2 synthesized via co-precipitation route. J Colloid Interface Sci 438:1–610.1016/j.jcis.2014.09.061 ↗
37. Lu X, Jin Y, Zhang X, Xu G, Wang D, Lv J, Zheng Z, Wu Y (2016) Controllable synthesis of graphitic C3N4/ultrathin MoS2 nanosheet hybrid nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance. Dalton Trans 45:15406–1541410.1039/C6DT02247B ↗
38. Lukowski MA, Daniel AS, Meng F, Forticaux A, Li L, Jin S (2013) Enhanced hydrogen evolution catalysis from chemically exfoliated metallic MoS2 Nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 135:10274–1027710.1021/ja404523s ↗
39. Maira AJ, Coronado JM, Augugliaro V, Yeung KL, Conesa JC, Soria J (2001) Fourier transform infrared study of the performance of nanostructured TiO2 particles for the photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous toluene. J Catal 202:413–42010.1006/jcat.2001.3301 ↗
40. Malhautier L, Quijano G, Avezac M, Rocher J, Fanlo JL (2014) Kinetic characterization of toluene biodegradation by Rhodococcus erythropolis: towards a rationale for microflora enhancement in bioreactors devoted to air treatment. Chem Eng J 247:199–20410.1016/j.cej.2014.02.099 ↗
41. Mista W, Kacprzyk R (2008) Decomposition of toluene using non-thermal plasma reactor at room temperature. Catal Today 137:345–34910.1016/j.cattod.2008.02.009 ↗
42. Muñoz-Batista MJ, Fontelles-Carceller O, Ferrer M, Fernández-García M, Kubacka A (2016) Disinfection capability of Ag/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts under UV and visible light illumination. Appl Catal, B 183:86–9510.1016/j.apcatb.2015.10.024 ↗
43. Pan C, Xu J, Wang Y, Li D, Zhu Y (2012) Dramatic activity of C3N4/BiPO4 Photocatalyst with core/shell structure formed by self-assembly. Adv Funct Mater 22:1518–152410.1002/adfm.201102306 ↗
44. Parida KM, Sahu N, Tripathi AK, Kamble VS (2010) Gold promoted S,N−doped TiO2: an efficient catalyst for CO adsorption and oxidation. Environ Sci Technol 44:4155–416010.1021/es903774j ↗
45. Pradhan GK, Padhi DK, Parida KM (2013) Fabrication of α-Fe2O3 nanorod/RGO composite: a novel hybrid photocatalyst for phenol degradation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:9101–911010.1021/am402487h ↗
46. Puértolas B, García-Andújar L, García T, Navarro MV, Mitchell S, Pérez-Ramírez J (2014) Bifunctional Cu/H-ZSM-5 zeolite with hierarchical porosity for hydrocarbon abatement under cold-start conditions. Appl Catal, B 154–155:161–17010.1016/j.apcatb.2014.02.013 ↗
47. Shen Y, Zhao Q, Li X, Yuan D, Hou Y, Liu S (2012) Enhanced visible-light induced degradation of benzene on Mg-ferrite/hematite/PANI nanospheres: in situ FTIR investigation. J Hazard Mater 241–242:472–47710.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.003 ↗
48. Sun Z, Li X, Guo S, Wang H, Wu Z (2013) One-step synthesis of Cl−-doped Pt(IV)/Bi2WO6 with advanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for toluene degradation in air. J Colloid Interface Sci 412:31–3810.1016/j.jcis.2013.09.004 ↗
49. Sun J, Li X, Zhao Q, Ke J, Zhang D (2014) Novel V2O5/BiVO4/TiO2 nanocomposites with high visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of toluene. J Phys Chem C 118:10113–1012110.1021/jp5013076 ↗
50. Sun J, Li X, Zhao Q, Tade MO, Liu S (2015) Quantum-sized BiVO4 modified TiO2 microflower composite heterostructures: efficient production of hydroxyl radicals towards visible light-driven degradation of gaseous toluene. J Mater Chem A 3:21655–2166310.1039/C5TA05659D ↗
51. Wang Q, Zhang M, Chen C, Ma W, Zhao J (2010) Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of alcohols on TiO2: the acceleration effect of a brønsted acid. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:7976–797910.1002/anie.201001533 ↗
52. Wang M, Li G, Xu H, Qian Y, Yang J (2013) Enhanced lithium storage performances of hierarchical hollow MoS2 nanoparticles assembled from nanosheets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:1003–100810.1021/am3026954 ↗
53. Wang PP, Sun H, Ji Y, Li W, Wang X (2014a) Three-dimensional assembly of single-layered MoS2. Adv Mater 26:964–96910.1002/adma.201304120 ↗
54. Wang S, Zhang L, Long C, Li A (2014b) Enhanced adsorption and desorption of VOCs vapor on novel micro-mesoporous polymeric adsorbents. J Colloid Interface Sci 428:185–19010.1016/j.jcis.2014.04.055 ↗
55. Xiong W, Zhao Q, Li X, Zhang D (2011) One-step synthesis of flower-like Ag/AgCl/BiOCl composite with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. Catal Commun 16:229–23310.1016/j.catcom.2011.09.027 ↗
56. Yan Y, Xia B, Ge X, Liu Z, Wang J-Y, Wang X (2013) Ultrathin MoS2 nanoplates with rich active sites as highly efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:12794–1279810.1021/am404843b ↗
57. Yu J, Yue L, Liu S, Huang B, Zhang X (2009) Hydrothermal preparation and photocatalytic activity of mesoporous Au–TiO2 nanocomposite microspheres. J Colloid Interface Sci 334:58–6410.1016/j.jcis.2009.03.034 ↗
58. Yu L, Lee YH, Ling X, Santos EJG, Shin YC, Lin Y, Dubey M, Kaxiras E, Kong J, Wang H, Palacios T (2014) Graphene/MoS2 hybrid technology for large-scale two-dimensional electronics. Nano Lett 14:3055–306310.1021/nl404795z ↗
59. Yurdakal S, Palmisano G, Loddo V, Augugliaro V, Palmisano L (2008) Nanostructured rutile TiO2 for selective photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aldehydes in water. J Am Chem Soc 130:1568–156910.1021/ja709989e ↗
60. Zhang L, Wu HB, Yan Y, Wang X, Lou XW (2014) Hierarchical MoS2 microboxes constructed by nanosheets with enhanced electrochemical properties for lithium storage and water splitting. Energy Environ Sci 7:3302–330610.1039/C4EE01932F ↗
61. Zhang S, Chowdari BVR, Wen Z, Jin J, Yang J (2015) Constructing highly oriented configuration by few-layer MoS2: toward high-performance lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen evolution reactions. ACS Nano 9:12464–1247210.1021/acsnano.5b05891 ↗
62. Zhao W, Liu Y, Wei Z, Yang S, He H, Sun C (2016) Fabrication of a novel p–n heterojunction photocatalyst n-BiVO4@p-MoS2 with core–shell structure and its excellent visible-light photocatalytic reduction and oxidation activities. Appl Catal, B 185:242–25210.1016/j.apcatb.2015.12.023 ↗
63. Zhou M, Lou XW, Xie Y (2013) Two-dimensional nanosheets for photoelectrochemical water splitting: possibilities and opportunities. Nano Today 8:598–61810.1016/j.nantod.2013.12.002 ↗
64. Zou X, Dong Y, Li X, Zhao Q, Cui Y, Lu G (2015) Inorganic–organic photocatalyst BiPO4/g-C3N4 for efficient removal of gaseous toluene under visible light irradiation. Catal Commun 69:109–11310.1016/j.catcom.2015.04.035 ↗