journal article·2009-05

The evolution of cardiovascular stent materials and surfaces in response to clinical drivers: A review

Barry O’Brien, William Carroll

Acta Biomaterialia· Volume 5· Issue 4
Publisher page

Abstract

This review examines cardiovascular stent materials from the perspective of a range of clinical drivers and the materials that have been developed in response to these drivers. The review is generally chronological and outlines how stent materials have evolved from initial basic stainless steel devices all the way through to the novel biodegradable devices currently being explored. Where appropriate, pre-clinical or clinical data that influenced decisions and selections along the way is referenced. Opinions are given as to the merit and direction of various ongoing and future developments.
Source: europepmc · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition · Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (92)

Show source-provided references
1. Drug-eluting stent and coronary thrombosis: Biological mechanisms and clinical implications10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675934 ↗
2. Early and late coronary stent thrombosis of sirolimus-eluting and Paclitaxel-eluting stents in routine clinical practice: data from a large two-institutional cohort study10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60314-6 ↗
3. Intracoronary stenting and angiographic results: strut thickness effect on restenosis outcome (ISAR-STEREO) trial10.1161/01.CIR.103.23.2816 ↗
4. In-stent restenosis in small coronary arteries: impact of strut thickness10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01989-7 ↗
5. Assessment of wrought ASTM F1058 cobalt alloy properties for permanent surgical implants10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199723)38:3<229::AID-JBM7>3.0.CO;2-R ↗
6. Usefulness of a cobalt chromium coronary stent alloy10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00669-6 ↗
7. Evaluation of the Medtronic (Driver) cobalt-chromium alloy coronary stent system10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.08.055 ↗
8. Influence of alloying elements on the corrosion stability of CoCrMo implant alloy in Hank’s solution10.1016/j.actbio.2006.06.002 ↗
9. A novel bioresorbable polymer Paclitaxel-eluting stent for the treatment of single and multivessel coronary disease10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.020 ↗
10. Clinical and angiographic results of percutaneous coronary revascularization using a trilayer stainless steel-tantalum-stainless steel phosphorylcholine-coated stent: The TriMaxx trial10.1002/ccd.21279 ↗
11. Mechanical properties and microstructure of platinum enhanced radiopaque stainless steel (PERSS) alloys10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00443-2 ↗
12. Craig C, Friend C, Edwards M, Gokcen N. Tailoring Radiopacity of Austenitic Stainless Steel for Coronary Stents. In: Proceedings from the Materials and Processes for medical devices Conference, Anaheim, CA. Materials Park, OH: ASM International; 2003. p. 294–7.
13. Boston scientific, press release. Boston scientific announces first implant of TAXUS® element™ platinum chromium Stent, 20 July 2007.
14. Increased risk of restenosis after placement of gold-coated stents10.1161/01.CIR.101.21.2478 ↗
15. The NUGGET study: NIR ultra gold-gilded equivalency trial10.1002/ccd.20026 ↗
16. Gold-coated NIR stents in porcine coronary arteries10.1161/01.CIR.103.3.429 ↗
17. Flat detectors and their clinical applications10.1007/s00330-005-2734-9 ↗
18. 64-slice multi-detector coronary CT angiography: in vitro evaluation of 68 different stents10.1007/s00330-005-0062-8 ↗
19. Nickel and molybdenum contact allergies in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03262-1 ↗
20. Is there a link between nickel allergy and coronary stent restenosis?10.1620/tjem.206.243 ↗
21. Metal ion release from metal implants10.1016/j.msec.2004.08.018 ↗
22. In vitro analysis of diamond-like carbon coated stents: reduction of metal ion release, platelet activation, and thrombogenicity10.1016/S0049-3848(00)00295-4 ↗
23. Comparison of diamond-like carbon-coated stents versus uncoated stainless steel stents in coronary artery disease10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.10.048 ↗
24. Randomized comparative study of diamond-like carbon coated stainless steel stent versus uncoated stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease
25. Fluorine doping into diamond-like carbon coatings inhibits protein adsorption and platelet activation10.1002/jbm.a.31340 ↗
26. Six-month clinical and angiographic outcomes of the tecnic carbostent™ coronary system: the phantom IV study
27. Clinical and angiographic outcomes following elective implantation of the carbostent in patients at high risk of restenosis and target vessel failure10.1002/ccd.2004 ↗
28. Randomized comparison of carbon ion-implanted stent versus bare metal stent in coronary artery disease: the asian pacific multicenter arthos stent study (PASS) trial10.1016/j.ahj.2004.02.018 ↗
29. Effects of carbon-coated coronary stents on the markers of inflammation, thrombin generation and platelet and endothelial activation
30. Smart material silicon carbide: reduced activation of cells and proteins on a-SiC:H-coated stainless steel
31. Silicon carbide coating–a new hybrid design of coronary stents
32. Comparison of a silicon carbide-coated stent versus a noncoated stent in human beings: the Tenax versus NIR Stent Study’s long term outcome10.1067/mhj.2003.90 ↗
33. Endothelial function and nitric oxide: clinical relevance10.1136/heart.85.3.342 ↗
34. Stent coating with titanium-nitride-oxide for reduction of neointimal hyperplasia10.1161/hc3401.093146 ↗
35. Randomized comparison of a titanium-nitride-oxide-coated stent with a stainless steel stent for coronary revascularization10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.486647 ↗
36. Real world experience with the TITAN® stent: a 9-month follow-up report from The Titan PORI Registry
37. Titanium and nitride oxide-coated stents and Paclitaxel-Eluting stents for coronary revascularization in an unselected population
38. MOONLIGHT: a controlled registry of an iridium oxide-coated stent with angiographic follow-up10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.10.007 ↗
39. O’Brien B, Chandrasekaran C. Development of iridium oxide as a cardiovascular stent coating. In: Proceedings from the materials and processes for medical devices conference, St Paul, MN. Materials Park, OH: ASM International; 2004. p. 301–6.
40. Clinical experience with the Wiktor stent in native coronary arteries and coronary bypass grafts10.1136/hrt.72.3.288 ↗
41. Strecker stent implantation in iliac arteries: patency and predictive factors for long-term success10.1148/radiology.194.3.7862972 ↗
42. The electrochemical behavior of metallic implant materials as an indicator of their biocompatibility10.1002/jbm.820210705 ↗
43. First in human randomized comparison of an anodized niobium stent versus a standard stainless steel stent10.1007/s00392-006-0406-7 ↗
44. Development of nitrogen-containing nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for metallic biomaterials–review10.1016/j.msec.2004.08.030 ↗
45. A model system to assess key vascular responses to biomaterials10.1583/05-1555.1 ↗
46. Biocompatibility of phosphorylcholine coated stents in normal porcine coronary arteries10.1136/heart.83.3.338 ↗
47. Coated stents for the prevention of restenosis: part II10.1161/01.CIR.0000038984.30279.89 ↗
48. Long-term stability of a coronary stent coating post-implantation10.1002/jbm.10387 ↗
49. Phosphorylcholine-based polymer coatings for stent drug delivery10.1023/A:1012803503667 ↗
50. Zotarolimus-eluting stents reduce experimental coronary neointimal hyperplasia after 4 weeks10.1093/eurheartj/ehi752 ↗
51. Localized hypersensitivity and late coronary thrombosis secondary to a sirolimus-eluting stent: should we be cautious?10.1161/01.CIR.0000116202.41966.D4 ↗
52. Incidence, timing, and correlates of stent thrombosis with the polymeric Paclitaxel drug-eluting stent10.1016/j.jacc.2007.01.015 ↗
53. Next-generation drug-eluting stents in coronary artery disease: focus on everolimus-eluting stent (Xience V®)10.2147/vhrm.2008.04.01.31 ↗
54. A randomized comparison of an everolimus-eluting coronary stent with a Paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent: the SPIRIT II trial
55. Polymers, drug release, and drug-eluting stents10.1111/j.1540-8183.2006.00198.x ↗
56. Surmodics, press release. Surmodics announces first human use of synbiosys biodegradable polymer on CardioMind. 31 March 2008.
57. The CardioMind coronary stent delivery system: stent delivery on a 0.014″ guidewire platform
58. BioMatrix drug eluting coronary stent system. Biosensors international brochure reference 10351-000-Rev 02, BMXBRO-03-08-EN.
59. Biosensors, press release. Biosensors’ drug-eluting stent demonstrates superior strut coverage to industry-leading drug-eluting stent, 14 October 2008.
60. Pathological correlates of late drug-eluting stent thrombosis: strut coverage as a marker of endothelialization10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.693739 ↗
61. Drug-eluting versus bare metal coronary stents: long-term human pathology. Findings from different coronary arteries in the same patient
62. Drug-eluting stents: what should be improved?10.1080/07853890801964948 ↗
63. Non-polymer-based Paclitaxel-coated coronary stents for the treatment of patients with de novo coronary lesions10.1161/01.CIR.0000127129.94129.6F ↗
64. Synergistic effects of a novel nanoporous stent coating and tacrolimus on intima proliferation in rabbits10.1002/ccd.10664 ↗
65. Drug delivery via nano-, micro and macroporous coronary stent surfaces10.1517/17425247.4.3.287 ↗
66. Controlled drug release using nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide on stent10.1016/j.tsf.2006.10.029 ↗
67. Inhibition of neointima formation by a novel drug-eluting stent system that allows for dose-adjustable, multiple, and on-site coating10.1161/01.ATV.0000157579.52566.ee ↗
68. Influence of stent surface topography on the outcomes of patients undergoing coronary stenting: a randomized double-blind controlled trial10.1002/ccd.20400 ↗
69. Randomized trial of a nonpolymer-based Rapamycin-eluting stent versus a polymer-based Paclitaxel-eluting stent for the reduction of late lumen loss10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.575977 ↗
70. A novel Paclitaxel-eluting porous carbon-carbon nanoparticle coated, nonpolymeric cobalt-chromium stent: evaluation in a porcine model10.1002/ccd.20698 ↗
71. Hydroxyapatite-coated cardiovascular stents
72. MIV press release. MIV presents positive preliminary data for its polymer-free DES, 16 April 2008.
73. Direct stenting of de novo coronary stenoses with tacrolimus-eluting versus carbon-coated carbostents
74. Coronary artery stents in multislice computed tomography: in vitro artifact evaluation10.1097/01.rli.0000095471.91575.18 ↗
75. In vitro evaluation of coronary stents and in-stent stenosis using a dynamic cardiac phantom and a 64-detector row CT scanner10.1007/s00392-007-0564-2 ↗
76. Coronary arterial stents: safety and artifacts during MR imaging10.1148/radiology.216.3.r00se03781 ↗
77. MR imaging of vascular stents: effects of susceptibility, flow, and radiofrequency eddy currents10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61918-6 ↗
78. New metallic MR stents for artifact-free coronary MR angiography: feasibility study in a swine model10.1097/01.rli.0000116894.48384.c2 ↗
79. Artifact-free coronary resonance magnetic angiography and coronary vessel wall imaging in the presence of a new, metallic, coronary magnetic resonance imaging stent10.1161/01.CIR.0000156462.97532.8F ↗
80. A precious metal alloy for construction of MR imaging-compatible balloon-expandable vascular stents10.1148/radiology.219.1.r01ap05284 ↗
81. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography at 1.5 T after implantation of platinum stents: in vitro and in vivo comparison with conventional stent designs10.2214/ajr.184.1.01840288 ↗
82. Development of a new niobium-based alloy for vascular stents10.1016/j.jmbbm.2007.11.003 ↗
83. Characterization of an NbTaWZr alloy designed for magnetic resonance angiography compatible stents10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.08.013 ↗
84. A bioabsorbable everolimus-eluting coronary stent system for patients with single de-novo coronary artery lesions (ABSORB): a prospective open-label trial10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60415-8 ↗
85. Future devices: bioabsorbable stents
86. Biocorrosion of magnesium alloys: a new principle in cardiovascular implant technology?10.1136/heart.89.6.651 ↗
87. Drug-eluting bioabsorbable magnesium stent10.1111/j.1540-8183.2004.04081.x ↗
88. Temporary scaffolding of coronary arteries with bioabsorbable magnesium stents: a prospective, non-randomised multicentre trial10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60853-8 ↗
89. Coronary bioabsorbable magnesium stent: 15-month intravascular ultrasound and optical coherency findings10.1093/eurheartj/ehm119 ↗
90. A novel approach to temporary stenting: degradable cardiovascular stents produced from corrodible metal–results 6–18 months after implantation into New Zealand white rabbits10.1136/heart.86.5.563 ↗
91. Long-term biocompatibility of a corrodible peripheral iron stent in the porcine descending aorta10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.029 ↗
92. Short-term effects of biocorrodible iron stents in porcine coronary arteries10.1111/j.1540-8183.2007.00319.x ↗