Scaling up issues of CIGS solar cells

Thin film solar modules based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) have a very high potential to reduce production costs for photovoltaic modules. The challenge is to combine the large area issues with high throughput and yield with the high quality of the device. ZSW has developed inline processes for almost all process steps for glass/glass modules and reaches a 12.7% efficiency level with high yield for 30£30 cm CIGS modules. A 30£30 cm Cd-free module with nearly 10% efficiency is realised after a short time of development. The modules are very stable